Proto-Algic (sometimes abbreviated PAc) is the proto-language from which the Algic languages (Wiyot language, Yurok language, and Proto-Algonquian) are descended.
It is estimated to have been spoken about 7,000 years ago somewhere in the American Northwest, possibly around the Columbia Plateau. It is an example of a second-level proto-language (a proto-language whose reconstruction depends on data from another proto-language, namely its descendant language Proto-Algonquian) which is widely agreed to have existed. Its main researcher was Paul Proulx.
Proto-Algic | |
---|---|
PAc | |
Reconstruction of | Algic languages |
Region | Columbia Plateau? |
Era | ca. 5000 BCE |
Lower-order reconstructions |
Proto-Algic had four basic vowels, which could be either long or short:
Proto-Algic had the following consonants:
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | plain | labialized | |||||
Stop | plain | *p | *t | *k | *kʷ | *ʔ | ||
aspirated | *pʰ | *tʰ | *kʰ | *kʷʰ | ||||
glottalized | *pʼ | *tʼ | *kʼ | *kʼʷ | ||||
Affricate | plain | *c /t͡s/ | *č /t͡ʃ/ | |||||
aspirated | *cʰ /t͡sʰ/ | *čʰ /t͡ʃʰ/ | ||||||
glottalized | *cʼ /t͡sʼ/ | *čʼ /t͡ʃʼ/ | ||||||
Fricative | *s | *ɬ1 | *š /ʃ/ | *h | ||||
Nasal | plain | *m | *n | |||||
glottalized | *mʼ | *nʼ | ||||||
Liquid | plain | *r | *l | |||||
glottalized | *rʼ | *lʼ | ||||||
Semivowel | plain | *y /j/ | *w | |||||
glottalized | *yʼ /jʼ/ | *wʼ |
It is unknown if *č /tʃ/ was an independent phoneme or only an allophone of *c and/or *t in Proto-Algic (as in Proto-Algonquian). In 1992, Paul Proulx theorized that Proto-Algic also possessed a phoneme *gʷ, which became *w in Proto-Algonquian and g in Wiyot and Yurok.
All stops and affricates in the above chart have aspirated counterparts, and all consonants, except fricatives, have glottalized ones. Proto-Algonquian significantly reduced this system by eliminating all glottalized and aspirated phonemes.
This article uses material from the Wikipedia English article Proto-Algic language, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
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