snakes

Snakes are elongated, limbless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes (/sɜːrˈpɛntiːz/).

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snakes

Like all other squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads (cranial kinesis). To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca. Lizards have independently evolved elongate bodies without limbs or with greatly reduced limbs at least twenty-five times via convergent evolution, leading to many lineages of legless lizards. These resemble snakes, but several common groups of legless lizards have eyelids and external ears, which snakes lack, although this rule is not universal (see Amphisbaenia, Dibamidae, and Pygopodidae).

Living snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica, and on most smaller land masses; exceptions include some large islands, such as Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, the Hawaiian archipelago, and the islands of New Zealand, as well as many small islands of the Atlantic and central Pacific oceans. Additionally, sea snakes are widespread throughout the Indian and Pacific oceans. Around thirty families are currently recognized, comprising about 520 genera and about 3,900 species. They range in size from the tiny, 10.4 cm-long (4.1 in) Barbados threadsnake to the reticulated python of 6.95 meters (22.8 ft) in length. The fossil species Titanoboa cerrejonensis was 12.8 meters (42 ft) long. Snakes are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards, perhaps during the Jurassic period, with the earliest known fossils dating to between 143 and 167 Ma ago. The diversity of modern snakes appeared during the Paleocene epoch (c. 66 to 56 Ma ago, after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event). The oldest preserved descriptions of snakes can be found in the Brooklyn Papyrus. (Full article...)

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Rattlesnakes are venomous snakes that form the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus of the subfamily Crotalinae (the pit vipers). All rattlesnakes are vipers. Rattlesnakes are predators that live in a wide array of habitats, hunting small animals such as birds and rodents.

Rattlesnakes receive their name from the rattle located at the end of their tails, which makes a loud rattling noise when vibrated that deters predators. Rattlesnakes are the leading contributor to snakebite injuries in North America, but rarely bite unless provoked or threatened; if treated promptly, the bites are seldom fatal. (Full article...)

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Photo shot at the Pinakothek der Moderne Munich, in context of the El Greco Expressiv temporary exhibition.

Topics

Lists - List of snakes by common name - List of Serpentes families - List of snake genera - List of dangerous snakes

Families - Acrochordidae - Aniliidae - Anomochilidae - Boidae - Bolyeriidae - Colubridae - Cylindrophiidae - Elapidae - Loxocemidae - Pythonidae - Tropidophiidae - Uropeltidae - Viperidae - Xenopeltidae - Anomalepididae - Leptotyphlopidae - Typhlopidae

Anatomy and physiology - Infrared sensing in snakes - Pelvic spur - Snake scales - Snake skeleton

Culture - Snake worship - Serpents in the Bible - Snake handling - Glycon - Wadjet

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Tags:

AmnioteAmphisbaeniaCarnivoreCloacaConvergent evolutionCranial kinesisDibamidaeEctothermicHelp:IPA/EnglishLegless lizardLimbless vertebrateLizardLungPelvic girdlePygopodidaeReptileScale (zoology)SkullSnakeSquamataSuborderVertebrateVestigial

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