north Dakota

North Dakota ( /dəˈkoʊtə/ ⓘ də-KOH-tə) is a landlocked U.S.

The North Dakota Portal

north Dakota
The Flag of North Dakota

state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south, and Montana to the west. North Dakota is part of the Great Plains region, characterized by broad prairies, steppe, temperate savanna, badlands, and farmland. North Dakota is the 19th largest state, but with a population of less than 780,000, it is the 4th least populous and 4th most sparsely populated. The state capital is Bismarck while the most populous city is Fargo, which accounts for nearly a fifth of the state's population; both cities are among the fastest-growing in the U.S., although half of all residents live in rural areas.

What is now North Dakota was inhabited for thousands of years by various Native American tribes, including the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara along the Missouri River; the Ojibwe and Cree in the northeast; and several Sioux groups (the Assiniboine, Yankton, Wahpeton, and Teton) across the rest of the state. European explorers and traders first arrived in the early 18th century, mostly in pursuit of lucrative furs.

The United States acquired the region in the early 19th century, gradually settling it amid growing resistance by increasingly displaced natives. The Dakota Territory, established in 1861, became central to American pioneers, with the Homestead Act of 1862 precipitating significant population growth and development. The traditional fur trade declined in favor of farming, particularly of wheat. The subsequent Dakota Boom from 1878 to 1886 saw giant farms stretched across the rolling prairies, with the territory becoming a regional economic power. The Northern Pacific and Great Northern railway companies competed for access to lucrative grain centers; farmers banded together in political and socioeconomic alliances that were core to the broader Populist Movement of the Midwest. North and South Dakota were admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, as the 39th and 40th states. President Benjamin Harrison shuffled the statehood papers before signing them so that no one could tell which became a state first; consequently, the two states are officially numbered in alphabetical order. Statehood marked the gradual winding-down of the pioneer period, with the state fully settled by around 1920. Subsequent decades saw a rise in radical agrarian movements and economic cooperatives, of which one legacy is the Bank of North Dakota, the only state-run bank in the U.S. (Full article...)

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Votes for Women League's tent at the1914 Bottineau County Fair.
Votes for Women League's tent at the 1914 Bottineau County Fair.
Women's suffrage began in North Dakota when it was still part of the Dakota Territory. During this time activists worked for women's suffrage, and in 1879, women gained the right to vote at school meetings. This was formalized in 1883 when the legislature passed a law where women would use separate ballots for their votes on school-related issues. When North Dakota was writing its state constitution, efforts were made to include equal suffrage for women, but women were only able to retain their right to vote for school issues. An abortive effort to provide equal suffrage happened in 1893, when the state legislature passed equal suffrage for women. However, the bill was "lost," never signed and eventually expunged from the record. Suffragists continued to hold conventions, raise awareness, and form organizations. The arrival of Sylvia Pankhurst in February 1912 stimulated the creation of more groups, including the statewide Votes for Women League. In 1914, there was a voter referendum on women's suffrage, but it did not pass. In 1917, limited suffrage bills for municipal and presidential suffrage were signed into law. On December 1, 1919, North Dakota became the twentieth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment. (Full article...)
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Largest cities

2019 Rank City 2019 Estimate 2010 Census Change County
1 Fargo 124,662 105,549 +18.11% Cass
2 Bismarck 73,529 61,272 +20.00% Burleigh
3 Grand Forks 55,839 52,838 +5.68% Grand Forks
4 Minot 47,382 40,888 +15.88% Ward
5 West Fargo 37,058 25,830 +43.47% Cass
6 Williston 29,033 14,716 +97.29% Williams
7 Dickinson 23,133 17,787 +30.06% Stark
8 Mandan 22,752 18,331 +24.12% Morton
9 Jamestown 15,084 15,427 −2.22% Stutsman
10 Watford City 7,835 1,744 +349.25% McKenzie
11 Wahpeton 7,734 7,766 −0.41% Richland
12 Devils Lake 7,320 7,141 +2.51% Ramsey
13 Valley City 6,323 6,585 −3.98% Barnes
14 Grafton 4,157 4,284 −2.96% Walsh
15 Lincoln 3,817 2,406 +58.65% Burleigh

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See List of cities in North Dakota for a full list.

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