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Cannabis sativa

Common hemp

The number of species within the genus is disputed. Three species may be recognized: Cannabis sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis. Alternatively, C. ruderalis may be included within C. sativa, all three may be treated as subspecies of C. sativa, or C. sativa may be accepted as a single undivided species. The genus is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from Asia.

The plant is also known as hemp, although this term is often used to refer only to varieties of Cannabis cultivated for non-drug use. Cannabis has long been used for hemp fibre, hemp seeds and their oils, hemp leaves for use as vegetables and as juice, medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug. Industrial hemp products are made from cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fibre. Various cannabis strains have been bred, often selectively to produce high or low levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabinoid and the plant's principal psychoactive constituent. Compounds such as hashish and hash oil are extracted from the plant. (Full article...)

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In the United States, increased restrictions and labeling of cannabis (legal term marijuana or marihuana) as a poison began in many states from 1906 onward, and outright prohibitions began in the 1920s. By the mid-1930s cannabis was regulated as a drug in every state, including 35 states that adopted the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act. The first national regulation was the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.

Cannabis was officially outlawed for any use (medical included) with the passage of the 1970 Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Multiple efforts to reschedule cannabis under the CSA have failed, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative and Gonzales v. Raich that the federal government has a right to regulate and criminalize cannabis, even for medical purposes. Despite this, states and other jurisdictions have continued to implement policies that conflict with federal law, beginning with the passage of California's Proposition 215 in 1996. By 2016 a majority of states had legalized medical cannabis, and in 2012 the first two states, Colorado and Washington, legalized recreational use. (Full article...)

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Woman selling multiple forms of cannabis and bhang in Guwahati, Assam, India

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The following are images from various cannabis-related articles on Wiki English.

Image 1An advertisement for cannabis americana distributed by a pharmacist in New York in 1917 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 2Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, 512 AD (from Hemp)
Image 3Hemp straw animal bedding (from Hemp)
Image 4The Chinese character for hemp (麻 or má) depicts two plants under a shelter. Cannabis cultivation dates back at least 3000 years in Taiwan. (from History of cannabis)
Image 5Japanese Shinto shrine with rope made of hemp (from Hemp)
Image 6Cannabis sativa stem longitudinal section (from Cannabis)
Image 7Evolution of cultivated cannabis strains. The cultivar, Cannabis ruderalis, still grows wild today. (from Medical cannabis)
Image 8The variety of appearances for cannabis. Only C. sativa (left) is suited for industrial hemp, but it also has medicinal varieties. (from Hemp)
Image 9A flowering cannabis plant (from Cannabis strain)
Image 10Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate, pre-1937 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 11Cannabis ruderalis (from Cannabis)
Image 12Cannabis sativa (from Cannabis strain)
Image 13American medical hashish (from Medical cannabis)
Image 14Underside of Cannabis sativa leaf, showing diagnostic venation (from Cannabis)
Image 15Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate, pre-1937 (from History of cannabis)
Image 16Whole hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 17Bhang eaters from India c. 1790. Bhang is an edible preparation of cannabis native to the Indian subcontinent. It has been used in food and drink as early as 1000 BC by Hindus in ancient India. (from History of cannabis)
Image 18Male Cannabis flower buds (from Cannabis)
Image 19Cannabis female flower with visible trichomes (from Cannabis)
Image 20Cannabis indica (from Cannabis strain)
Image 21A thicket of wild cannabis in Islamabad, Pakistan (from Cannabis)
Image 22Dried hemp stalks displayed at the International Hemp Fair in Vienna (from Hemp)
Image 23Cannabis leaf pictured in the coat of arms of Kanepi Parish (from Cannabis)
Image 24The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE) from Ancient Egypt has a prescription for medical marijuana applied directly for inflammation. (from Medical cannabis)
Image 25A hemp field in Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France, which is Europe's largest hemp producer as of 2022 (from Hemp)
Image 26The use of cannabis, at least as fiber, has been shown to go back at least 10,000 years in Taiwan. "Dà má" (Pinyin pronunciation) is the Chinese expression for cannabis, the first character meaning "big" and the second character meaning "hemp". (from Medical cannabis)
Image 27Hemp being grown in Oregon in 2020 (from Hemp)
Image 28Cannabis ruderalis (from Cannabis strain)
Image 29A macro image of hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 30Hulled hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 31The number of publications about marijuana/cannabis according to Web of Science (from History of cannabis)
Image 32Blue Dream (from Cannabis strain)
Image 33Hemp seed (from Hemp)
Image 34Biodiesel sample (from Hemp)
Image 35Top of Cannabis plant in vegetative growth stage (from Cannabis)
Image 36White Widow (from Cannabis strain)
Image 37Illustrating various forms of medicinal cannabis (from Medical cannabis)
Image 38A male hemp plant (from Cannabis)
Image 39Comparison of physical harm and dependence regarding various drugs (from Cannabis)
Image 40Hemp and bead jewelry (from Hemp)
Image 41Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, AD 512 (from History of cannabis)
Image 42Legal status of (whole-plant) medical cannabis worldwide----
Legal as authorized by a physician
Legal for any use (no prescription required)
----See also countries that have decriminalized or where enforcement is limited. (from Medical cannabis)
Image 43Hemp rope (from Hemp)
Image 44A dried bud, typical of what is sold for recreational use
Image 45Cannabis growing as weeds at the foot of Dhaulagiri, Nepal (from Cannabis)
Image 46Harvesting hemp in the USSR, 1956 (from Hemp)
Image 47Sour Diesel (from Cannabis strain)
Image 48Cannabis as illustrated in Köhler's Book of Medicinal Plants, 1897 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 49Cannabis Museum in Amsterdam (from Cannabis)
Image 50Relative size of cannabis types (from Cannabis strain)
Image 51Dense raceme of female flowers typical of drug-type varieties of Cannabis (from Cannabis)
Image 52Relative size of varieties of Cannabis (from Cannabis)
Image 53Medical marijuana dispensary in Denver, Colorado (from Medical cannabis)

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Did you know...

... that the passage of the A.B. 390 by California's Public Safety Committee marked the first time in United States history that a bill legalizing marijuana passed a legislative committee?
... that the American television program Cannabis Planet features horticulturist and author Ed Rosenthal as a cannabis "expert"?

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The illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insight, sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world.

”

— Carl Sagan

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This article uses material from the Wikipedia English article Portal:Cannabis, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
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