North Anatolian Fault

The fault extends westward from a junction with the East Anatolian Fault at the Karliova Triple Junction in eastern Turkey, across northern Turkey and into the Aegean Sea for a length of 1200−1500 kilometers. It runs about 20 km south of Istanbul. The North Anatolian Fault is similar in many ways to the San Andreas Fault in California. Both are continental transforms with similar lengths and slip rates. The Sea of Marmara near Istanbul is an extensional basin similar to the Salton Trough in California, where a releasing bend in the strike slip system creates a pull-apart basin.

North Anatolian Fault
The North Anatolian Fault and slip magnitudes of earthquakes in the 20th century
The North Anatolian and neighbouring faults covering most of Turkey
Coordinates	41°00′N 35°00′E / 41.000°N 35.000°E / 41.000; 35.000
Country	Turkey
Region	Marmara Region, Black Sea Region, Eastern Anatolia Region
Cities	Istanbul, Bursa, Bolu, Tokat, Erzincan, Erzurum
Characteristics
Elevation	3,937 metres (12,917 ft)
Top depth	1,370 metres (4,495 ft)
Range	Pontic Mountains, Köroğlu Mountains
Length	1,500 kilometres (900 mi)
Strike	E-W
Tectonics
Plate	Anatolian Plate, Eurasian Plate
Status	Active
Earthquakes	List of earthquakes in Turkey
Type	strike-slip fault

Since the disastrous 1939 Erzincan earthquake, there have been seven earthquakes measuring over 7.0 in magnitude, each happening at a point progressively further west. Seismologists studying this pattern believe that each earthquake may trigger the next. By analyzing the stresses along the fault caused by each large earthquake, they were able to predict^[quantify] the shock that hit the town of İzmit with devastating effect in August 1999. It is thought that the chain is not complete, and that an earthquake will soon strike further west along the fault – perhaps near the heavily populated city of Istanbul.