List Of State Leaders In The 15Th Century

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 15th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

Kingdom of Kongo: Kilukeni (complete list) –

Nanga, Manikongo (1410s)
Nlaza, Manikongo (1430s)
Nkuwu a Ntinu, Manikongo (1450s–1470)
João I, Manikongo (1470–1509)

Cameroon

Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) –

Nchare Yen, Mfon (1394–1418)
Ngoupou, Mfon (1418–1461)
Monjou, Mfon (1461–1498)
Mengap, Mfon (1498–1519)

São Tomé and Príncipe

Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –

Colony, 1470–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Rwanda

Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –

Cyilima Rugwe, Mwami (?–c.1378)
Kigeli I Mukobanya, Mwami (1378–1418)
Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi, Mwami (15th century)
Yuhi wa II Gahima II, Mwami (15th century)
Ndahiro II Cyamatare, Mwami (1477–1510)

South Sudan

Shilluk Kingdom –

Nyikang, Rädh (c.1490–1517)

Uganda

Buganda (complete list) –

Kimera, Kabaka (c.1374–c.1404)
Ttembo, Kabaka (c.1404–c.1434)
Kiggala, Kabaka (c.1434–c.1464, c.1484–c.1494)
Kiyimba, Kabaka (c.1464–c.1484)
Kayima, Kabaka (c.1494–c.1524)

Horn of Africa area

Ethiopia

Ethiopian Empire: Solomonic dynasty (complete list) –

Dawit I, Emperor (1382–1413)
Tewodros I, Emperor (1413–1414)
Yeshaq I, Emperor (1414–1429)
Andreyas, Emperor (1429–1430)
Takla Maryam, Emperor (1430–1433)
Sarwe Iyasus, Emperor (1433)
Amda Iyasus, Emperor (1433–1434)
Zara Yaqob, Emperor (1434–1468)
Baeda Maryam I, Emperor (1468–1478)
Eskender, Emperor (1478–1494)
Amda Seyon II, Emperor (1494)
Na'od, Emperor (1494–1508)

Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list) –

Shongetato (also known as the Girra king), King (1425–1460)
Odhe/Addiotato, King (1460–1495)
Sadi or Shaddi/Shaditato, King (1495–1530)

Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list) –

Shongetato (also known as the Girra king), King (1425–1460)
Odhe/Addiotato, King (1460–1495)
Sadi or Shaddi/Shaditato, King (1495–1530)

Ennarea (complete list) –

Kaba Seyon, Hinnare-tato (c.1450–1530)

Somalia

Adal Sultanate: Walashma dynasty (complete list) –

Sabr ad-Din II, Sultan (1415–1422)
Mansur ad-Din, Sultan (1422–1424)
Jamal ad-Din II, Sultan (1424–1433)
Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din, Sultan (1433–1445)
Muhammad ibn Badlay, Sultan (1445–1472)
Shams ad-Din ibn Muhammad, Sultan (1472–1488)
Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din, Sultan (1488–1518)

Sultanate of Ifat: Walashma dynasty (complete list) –

Sa'ad ad-Din II, Sultan (1374–1403)

Warsangali Sultanate –

Garaad Siciid, Sultan (1392–1409)
Garaad Ahmed, Sultan (1409–1430)
Garaad Siciid II, Sultan (1430–1450)
Garaad Mohamud II, Sultan (1450–1479)
Garaad Ciise II, Sultan (1479–1487)
Garaad Omar, Sultan (1487–1495)
Garaad Ali Dable, Sultan (1491–1503)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Abbasid Caliphate, Cairo (complete list) –

al-Musta'in, Caliph (1406–1414)
al-Mu'tadid II, Caliph (1414–1441)
al-Mustakfi II, Caliph (1441–1451)
al-Qa'im, Caliph (1451–1455)
al-Mustanjid, Caliph (1455–1479)
al-Mutawakkil II, Caliph (1479–1497)
al-Mustamsik, Caliph (1497–1508, 1516–1517)

Mamluk Sultanate: Burji dynasty (complete list) –

An-Nasir Faraj, Sultan (1399–1405)
Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz, Sultan (1405)
An-Nasir Faraj, Sultan (1405–1412)
Al-Musta'in (Cairo), Sultan (1412)
Shaykh al-Mahmudi, Sultan (1412–1421)
Al-Muzaffar Ahmad, Sultan (1421)
Sayf ad-Din Tatar, Sultan (1421)
An-Nasir ad-Din Muhammad, Sultan (1421–1422)
Barsbay, Sultan (1422–1438)
Al-Aziz Jamal ad-Din Yusuf, Sultan (1438)
Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq, Sultan (1438–1453)
Al-Mansur Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman, Sultan (1453)
Sayf ad-Din Inal, Sultan (1453–1461)
Al-Mu'ayyad Shihab al-Din Ahmad, Sultan (1461)
Sayf ad-Din Khushqadam, Sultan (1461–1467)
Sayf ad-Din Bilbay, Sultan (1467)
Timurbugha, Sultan (1467–1468)
Qaitbay, Sultan (1468–1496)
An-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qaitbay, Sultan (1496–1498)
Abu Sa'id Qansuh, Sultan (1498–1500)
Al-Ashraf Janbalat, Sultan (1500–1501)

Africa: Northcentral

Ifriqiya

Hafsid dynasty (complete list) –

Abd al-Aziz II, Khalif (1394–1434)
Muhammad III, Khalif (1434–1436)
Uthman, Khalif (1436–1488)
Abu Zakariya Yahya, Khalif (1488–1489)
Abd al-Mu'min (Hafsid), Khalif (1489–1490)
Abu Yahya Zakariya, Khalif (1490–1494)
Muhammad IV, Khalif (1494–1526)

Africa: Northwest

Morocco

Morocco (complete list) –

Marinid dynasty

Abu Said Uthman III, Sultan (1398–1420)
Abd al-Haqq II, Sultan (1420–1465)

Idrisid interlude

Muhammad ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey, Sultan (1465–1471)

Wattasid dynasty

Muhammad ibn Yahya, Sultan (1472–1505)

Africa: South

Mozambique

Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –

Colony, 1498–1972

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Zimbabwe

Kingdom of Mutapa (complete list) –

Nyatsimba Mutota, Mwenemutapa (c.1430)
Matope Nyanhehwe Nebedza, Mwenemutapa (c.1450–1480)
Mavura Maobwe, Mwenemutapa (1480)
Nyahuma Mukombero, Mwenemutapa (1480–1490)
Changamire, Mwenemutapa (1490–1494)
Chikuyo Chisamarengu, Mwenemutapa (1494–c.1530)

Rozvi Empire (complete list) –

Changamire I, King (c.1480–1494)
Changamire II, King (1494–1530)

Africa: West

Benin

Kingdom of Benin (complete list) –

Orobiru, Oba (1397–1434)
Uwaifiokun, Oba (1434–1440)
Ezoti, Oba (1473–1474)
Ewuare I, Oba (1440–1473)
Olua, Oba (1475–1480)
Ozolua, Oba (1480–1504)

Burkina Faso

Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) –

Tenin, Nunbado (1395–1425)
Tokurma, Nunbado (1425–1470)
Gima, Nunbado (1470–1520)

Cape Verde

Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –

Colony, 1462–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Guinea-Bissau

Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1474–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Mali

Mali Empire: Keita dynasty (complete list) –

Musa III, Mansa (1400–c.1440)
Uli II, Mansa (c.1440–1481)
Mahmud II, Mansa (1481–1496)
Mahmud III, Mansa (1496–1559)

Songhai Empire (complete list) –

Sonni dynasty

Sunni Souleïmân-Dâma, King (?–c.1464)
Sonni Ali, King (1464–1492)
Sonni Baru, King (1492–1493)

Askiya dynasty

Askia Mohammad I, King (1493–1529)

Nigeria

Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu) (complete list) –

Bir III, Mai (1383–1415)
Uthman III Kaliwama, Mai (1415–1415)
Dunama III, Mai (1415–1417)
Abdallah III Dakumuni, Mai (1417–1425)
Ibrahim II, Mai (1425–1433)
Kaday III, Mai (1433–1434)
Ahmad Dunama IV, Mai (1434–1438)
Muhammad II, Mai (1438)
Amr, Mai (1438–1439)
Muhammad III, Mai (1439)
Ghazi, Mai (1439–1444)
Uthman IV, Mai (1444–1449)
Umar II, Mai (1449–1450)
Muhammad IV, Mai (1450–1455)
Ali Gazi, Mai (1455–1487)
Idris Katakarmabe, Mai (1487–1509)

Oyo Empire (complete list) –

Kori, Alaafin (c.1400–?)
Oluaso, Alaafin (?–c.1500)

Sultanate of Kano (complete list) –

Kanejeji, Sultan (1390–1410)
Umaru, Sultan (1410–1421)
Daud, Sultan (1421–1438)
Abdullah Burja, Sultan (1438–1452)
Dakauta, Sultan (1452)
Atuma, Sultan (1452)
Yaquled (1452–1463)
Muhammad Rumfa, Sultan (1463–1499)
Abdullahi dan Rumfa, Sultan (1499–1509)

Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –

Eze Nri Ọmalonyeso, King (1391–1464)
Eze Nri Anyamata, King (1465–1511)

Senegal

Jolof / Wolof Empire (complete list) –

N'Diklam Sare, Buur-ba (1390–1420)
Tyukuli N'Diklam, Buur-ba (1420–1440)
Leeyti Tyukuli, Buur-ba (1440–1450)
N'Dyelen Mbey Leeyti, Buur-ba (1450–1465)
Birayma N'dyeme Eler, Buur-ba (1465–1481)
Tase Daagulen, Buur-ba (1481–1488)
Birayma Kuran Kan, Buur-ba (1488–1492)
Bukaar Biye-Sungule, Buur-ba (1492–1527)

Saloum (complete list) –

Mbegan Ndour, Maad Saloum (c.1493)

Americas

Americas: North

Mexico

Azcapotzalco –

Tezozomoc, Tlatoani (1353/71–1426)
Tayatzin, Tlatoani (1426)
Maxtla, Tlatoani (1426–1428/31)
Temozomoc II, Tlatoani (1474–1499)
Don Carlos Oquiztzin, Tlatoani (1499–c.1520)

Mixtec –

Dzawindanda / Atonal (II), ruler (?–1458)

Tarascan state (complete list) –

Hiripan, Cazonci (?–c.1430)
Tangáxuan I, Cazonci (1430–1454)
Tzitzipandáquare, Cazonci (1454–1479)
Zuangua, Cazonci (1479–1520)

Tenochtitlan (complete list) –

under the Tepanec suzerainty

Huitzilihuitl, Tlatoani (1395-c.1417)
Chimalpopoca, Tlatoani (1417–1426)

Tenochtitlan of the Aztec Empire (complete list) –

Emperors of the Triple Alliance (Aztec Empire)

Itzcoatl, Hueyi Tlatoani(1427–1440)
Moteuczomatzin Ilhuicamina, Hueyi Tlatoani ()
Axayacatl, Hueyi Tlatoani (1469–1481)
Tizoc, Hueyi Tlatoani (1481–1486)
Ahuitzotl, Hueyi Tlatoani (1486–1502)

Tepanec –

Tetzotzomoc, Tlatoani (1367–1426)
Tayauh, Tlatoani (1426)
Maxtla, Tlatoani (1426–1428)

Tlacopan –

Totoquilhuaztli, Tlatoani (c.1400–1430)
Totoquilhuaztli, Tlatoani (1430–1469)
Chimalpopoca, Tlatoani (1469–?)

Zapotec civilization –

Zaachila –

Zaachila Yoo, King (1386–1415)
Zaachila II, King (1415–1454)
Zaachila III, King (1454–1487)
Cocijoeza / Cosijoeza, King (1487–1521)

Americas: South

Incas

Kingdom of Cusco (complete list) –

Yawar Waqaq, Inca (c.1380–1410)
Viracocha, Inca (c.1410–1438)

Inca Empire (complete list) –

Pachacuti, Sapa Inca (1438–1471/72)
Topa, Sapa Inca (1471–1493)
Huayna Capac, Sapa Inca (1493–1525)

Colombia

Muisca Confederation

Zaque (complete list) –

Goranchacha, Zaque (?)
Hunzahúa, Zaque (?-1470)
Michuá, Zaque (1470-1490)
Quemuenchatocha, Zaque (1490-1537)

Zipa (complete list) –

Menquetá, Zipa (?)
Meicuchuca, Zipa (1450-1470)
Saguamanchica, Zipa (1470-1490)
Nemequene, Zipa (1490-1514)

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

Western Chagatai Khanate (complete list) –

From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur

Mahmud, Khan (1384–1402)

Moghulistan, Eastern Chagatai Khanate (complete list) –

Shams-i-Jahan, Khan (1399–1408)
Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghulistan), Khan (1408–1415)
Naqsh-i-Jahan, Khan (1415–1418)
Awais Khan, Khan (1418–1421)
Sher Muhammad, Khan (1421–1425)
Awais Khan, Khan (1425–1429)
Satuq Khan, Khan (1429–1434)
Esen Buqa II, Khan (1429–1462)

Moghulistan, (complete list) –

Yunus, Khan of Western Moghulistan (1462–1469)
Dost Muhammad, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1462–1468)
Kebek Oghlan, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1469)
Yunus, Khan of All Moghulistan (1469–1487)
Ahmad Alaq, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1487–1503)
Mahmud, Khan of Western Moghulistan (1487–1508)

Kazakh Khanate (complete list) –

Kerei, Khan (1456–1473)
Janibek, Khan (1473–1480)
Burunduk, Khan (1480–1511)

Kara Del

Engke Temür, Khan (1393–1405)

Vassal of China, 1404–1430s

Toqto, Khan (1405–1411)
Mengli Temür, Khan (1411–1425)

Vassal of the Northern Yuan dynasty, 1430s–1455

Budaširi, Khan (1425–1439)
Khalīl sulṭān, Khan (1439–1457)

Vassal of China, 1455–1457

Bürege, Khan (1457–1460)
Nugandaširi, Khan (1460–1472)
Baγ Temür, Rival Khan (1466–1472)
Qanšin, Khan (1472–1488)
Engke Bolad, Khan (1488–1492, 1493–1497)
Šamba, Khan (1492–1493, 1497–1505)

Russia

Golden Horde (complete list) –

Shadi Beg, Khan (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
Pulad, Khan (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
Temür, Khan (1410–1412)
Jalal ad-Din khan, Khan (1411–1412)
Karim Berdi ibn Tokhtamysh, Khan (1412–1414)
Kebek ibn Tokhtamysh, Khan (1414)
Chokra ibn Akmyl, Khan (1414–1417)
Jabbar Berdi, Khan (1417–1419)
Olugh Mokhammad, Khan (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
Dawlat Berdi, Khan (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
Baraq, Khan (1422–1427)
Seyid Akhmed, Khan (1433–1435)
Küchük Muhammad, Khan (1435–1459)

Great Horde (complete list) –

Mahmud, Khan (1459–1465)
Ahmed, Khan (1465–1481)
Shayk Ahmad, Khan (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
Murtada, Khan (1498–1499)

Khanate of Sibir (complete list) –

Tokhtamysh, Khan (1396–1406)
Chekre Khan, Khan (1407–1413)
Hadji Muhammad, Khan (1420–1428)
Abu'l-Khayr, Khan (1428–1468)
Mar, Khan (1468–1480)
Ibak, Khan (1468–1495)
Mamuq of Kazan, Khan (1495–1496)
Abalak of Sibir, Khan (1496–1501)
Muhammad Taibuga, Khan (1495–1502)

White Horde (complete list) –

Baraq, Khan (1423–1428)
Muhammed, Khan (1428–1431)
Mustafa, Khan (1431–1446)

Tibet

Guge

rNam rgyal lde, King (1396?–1424)
Nam mkha'i dBang po Phun tshogs lde, King (1424–1449)
rNam ri Sang rgyas lde, King (1449–?)
bLo bzang Rab brtan, King (?–c.1485)
sTod tsha 'Phags pa lha, King (c.1485–post–1499)

Phagmodrupa dynasty (complete list) –

Drakpa Gyaltsen, Monarch (1385–1432)
Drakpa Jungne, Monarch (1432–1445)
Kunga Lekpa, Monarch (1448–1481)
Ngagi Wangpo, Monarch (1481–1491)
Tsokye Dorje, Monarch (1491–1499)
Ngawang Tashi Drakpa, Monarch (1499–1554)

Rinpungpa (complete list) –

Norzang, Monarch (1435–1466)
Kunzang, Monarch (1466–c.1479)
Donyo Dorje, Monarch (c.1479–1512)

Uzbekistan

Khanate of Bukhara: Shaybanid dynasty –

Abu'l-Khayr, Khan (1428–1468)
Abul-Khayr, Khan (1428–1468)
Shah Budagh, Khan (1468)
Muhammad Shayabak, Khan (1500–1510)

Asia: East

China: Ming dynasty

Ming dynasty (complete list) –

Jianwen, Emperor (1398–1402)
Yongle, Emperor (1402–1424)
Hongxi, Emperor (1424–1425)
Xuande, Emperor (1425–1435)
Yingzong, Emperor (1435–1449, 1457–1464)
Jingtai, Emperor (1449–1457)
Yingzong, Emperor (1435–1449, 1457–1464)
Chenghua, Emperor (1464–1487)
Hongzhi, Emperor (1487–1505)

Japan: Main

Ashikaga shogunate of Japan

Emperors (complete list) –

Go-Komatsu, Emperor (1392–1412)
Shōkō, Emperor (1412–1428)
Go-Hanazono, Emperor (1428–1464)
Go-Tsuchimikado, Emperor (1464–1500)

Shōguns –

Yoshimochi, Shōgun (1395–1423)
Yoshikazu, Shōgun (1423–1425)
Yoshinori, Shōgun (1428–1441)
Yoshikatsu, Shōgun (1442–1443)
Yoshimasa, Shōgun (1449–1474)
Yoshihisa, Shōgun (1474–1489)
Yoshitane, Shōgun (1490–1493)
Yoshizumi, Shōgun (1493–1508)

Japan: Ryukyu

Chūzan: Ryukyu Kingdoms of the Sanzan period –

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty

Bunei, Chief (1398–1406)

Nanzan: Ryukyu Kingdoms of the Sanzan period –

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty

Oueishi, Chief (1388–1402)
Ououso, Chief (1403–1413)
Tafuchi, Chief (1413–1414)
Taromai, Chief (1415–1429)

Hokuzan: Ryukyu Kingdoms of the Sanzan period –

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty

Hananchi, Chief (1401–1416)

Ryukyu Kingdom –

First Shō dynasty

Shō Shishō, Chief (1406–1421)
Shō Hashi, Chief (1422–1429), King (1429–1439)

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty, 1429–1644

Shō Chū, King (1439–1444)
Shō Shitatsu, King (1444–1449)
Shō Kinpuku, King (1449–1453)
Shō Taikyū, King (1454–1460)
Shō Toku, King (1460–1469)

Second Shō dynasty

Shō En, King (1469–1476)
Shō Sen'i, King (1477)
Shō Shin, King (1477–1526)

Korea

Joseon (complete list) –

Taejong, King (1400–1418)
Sejong the Great, King (1418–1450)
Munjong, King (1450–1452)
Danjong, King (1452–1455)
Sejo, King (1455–1468)
Yejong, King (1468–1469)
Seongjong, King (1469–1494)
Yeonsangun, King (1494–1506)

Mongolia

Alliance of the Four Oirat (complete list) –

Batula, leader (1399–1408)
Togoon Taishi, leader (1408–1438)
Esen, leader (1438–1454)
Amasanj, leader (1454–1455)
Ishtömör (Ush-Temür), leader (1455–1469)

Northern Yuan dynasty (complete list) –

Gün Temür, Khan (1400–1402)
Örüg Temür, Khan (1402–1408)
Öljei Temür, Khan (1408–1412)
Delbeg, Khan (1412–1415)
Oyiradai, Khan (1415–1425)
Adai, Khan (1425–1438)
Tayisung Toghtoa Bukha, Khan (1433–1452)
Agbarjin, Khan (1453)
Esen taishi, Khan (1453–1454)
Markörgis, Khan (1454–1465)
Molon, Khan (1465–1466)
Manduul, Khan (1475–1478)
Dayan, Khan (1478–1516)

Asia: Southeast

Brunei

Bruneian Empire (complete list) –

Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1368–1402)
Abdul Majid Hassan, Sultan (1402–1408)
Ahmad, Sultan (1408–1425)
Sharif Ali, Sultan (1425–1432)
Sulaiman, Sultan (1432–1485)
Bolkiah, Sultan (1485–1524)

Cambodia

Khmer Empire (complete list) –

In Reachea, King (1394–c.1421)
Ponhea Yat, King of Khmer Empire (1405–1431), King of Cambodia (1431–1463)

Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) –

Ponhea Yat, King of Khmer Empire (1405–1431), King of Cambodia (1431–1463)
Noreay Ramathipatei, King (1463–1469)
Reachea Ramathipatei, King (1469–1475)
Srei Soriyotei II, King (1472–1475)
Thommo Reachea I, King (1476–1504)

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java

Sunda Kingdom (complete list) –

Prabu Raja Wastu, Maharaja (1371–1475)
Prabu Susuk tunggal, Maharaja (1475–1482)
Sri Baduga, Maharaja (1482–1521)

Majapahit: Rajasa dynasty (complete list) –

Wikramawardhana,^: 241 King (1389–1429)
Suhita, Queen (1429–1447)^: 242
Kritavijaya, King (1447–1451)^: 242
Rajasavardhana,^: 242 King (1451–1453)
Bhre Wengker, Purvavisesha,^: 242 King (1456–1466)
Singhavikramavardhana,^: 242 King (1466–1468/78^: 18)
Bhre Kertabhumi, King (1468–1478)
Girindrawardhana, King (1478–1489)
Prabu Udara, King (1489–1517)

Tuban –

Sira Lena, King (14th/15th century)
Raden Arya Dikara, King (15th century)
Arya Teja, King (15th century)

Sultanate of Cirebon (complete list) –

Cakrabuana, Prince (1445–1479)
Sunan Gunungjati, Sultan (1479–1568)

Indonesia: Sumatra

Samudera Pasai Sultanate (complete list) –

Zainal Abidin I, Sultan (1349–1406)
Nahrasyiyah, Queen (1406–1428)
Zainal Abidin II, Sultan (1428–1438)
Shalahuddin, Sultan (1438–1462)
Ahmad II, Sultan (1462–1464)
Abu Zaid Ahmad III, Sultan (1464–1466)
Ahmad IV, Sultan (1466–1466)
Mahmud, Sultan (1466–1468)
Zainal Abidin III, Sultan (1468–1474)
Muhammad Syah II, Sultan (1474–1495)
Al-Kamil, Sultan (1495–1495)
Adlullah, Sultan (1495–1506)

Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)

Negara Daha –

Sari Kaburangan, Maharaja (15th century)
Sukarama, Maharaja (15th century)
Mangkubumi, Maharaja (15th/16th century)

Indonesia: Sulawesi

Gowa-Tallo –

I Puang Lowe Lembang, King (14th/15th century)
I Tuniatabanri, King (15th century)
Karampang ri Gowa, King (15th century)
Tunatangka Lopi, King (15th century)
Batara Gowa, King (15th/16th century)

Luwu –

Tanra Balusu, Datu (1365–1402)
Toampanangi, Datu (1402–1426)
Batara Guru II, Datu (1426–1458)
La Mariawa, Datu (1458–1465)
Risaolebbi, Datu (1465–1507)

Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands

Bali Kingdom: Samprangan (complete list) –

Dalem Samprangan, King (14th/15th century)

Indonesia: Maluku Islands

Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –

Muhammad Bakir, Sultan (c.1500)

Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) –

Matagena, King (1372–1405)
Jamaluddin/Ciri Leliati, Sultan (1495–1512)

Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –

Komala Pulu/ Bessi Muhammad Hassan, King (1377–1432)^{[citation needed]}
Marhum/ Gapi Baguna II, King (1432–1486)
Zainal Abidin, Sultan (1486–1500)
Bayanullah, Sultan (1500–1522)

Laos

Lan Xang (complete list) –

Samsenethai, King (1373–1416)
Lan Kham Deng, King (1416–1428)
Phommathat, King (1428–1429)
Yukhon, King (1429–1430)
Khon Kham, King (1430–1432)
Kham Tam Sa, King (1432)
Lusai, King (1432–1433)
Khai Bua Ban, King (1433–1436)
Kham Keut, King (1436–1438)
Nang Keo Phimpha, Queen (1438)
Chakkaphat Phaen Phaeo, King (1442–1480)
Souvanna Banlang, King (1479–1486)
La Sen Thai, King (1485–1496)
Somphou, King (1496–1501)

Malaysia: Peninsula

Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

Sulaiman Shah I, Sultan (1373–1423)
Ataullah Muhammad Shah I, Sultan (1423–1473)
Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah I, Sultan (1473–1506)

Kelantan Sultanate: Jambi dynasty (complete list) –

Baki Shah, Sultan (1362–1418)
Sadik Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1418–1429)
Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1429–1467)
Mansur Shah, Sultan (1467–1522)

Malacca Sultanate

Sultans –

Parameswara, Raja of Singapura (1389–1398), Sultan of Malacca (1400–1414)
Megat Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1414–1424)
Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1424–1444)
Abu Syahid Shah, Sultan (1444–1446)
Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1445–1459)
Mansur Shah, Sultan (1459–1477)
Alauddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1477–1488)
Mahmud Shah, Sultan (1488–1511, 1513–1528)

Bendaharas –

Tun Perpatih Permuka Berjajar, Bendahara (1400–1412)
Tun Perpatih Sedang, Bendahara (?–1445)
Tun Ali, Bendahara (1445–1456)
Tun Perak, Bendahara (1456–1498)
Tun Perpatih Putih, Bendahara (1498–1500)

Old Pahang Kingdom –

Parameswara Teluk Chini, Maharaja (c.1411)
Dewa Sura, Maharaja (?–1454)

Pahang Sultanate (complete list) –

Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1470–1475)
Ahmad Shah, Sultan (1475–1495)
Abdul Jamil Shah, Sultan (1495–1512)
Mansur Shah I, Sultan (1495–1519)

Myanmar / Burma

Kingdom of Ava (complete list) –

Minkhaung I, King (1400–1421)
Thihathu, King (1421–1425)
Min Hla, King (1425)
Kale Kye-Taung Nyo, King (1425–1426)
Mohnyin Thado, King (1426–1439)
Minye Kyawswa I, King (1439–1442)
Narapati I, King (1442–1468)
Thihathura, King (1468–1480)
Minkhaung II, King (1480–1501)
Thihathura II, Co-King (1485–1501)

Hanthawaddy Kingdom (complete list) –

Razadarit, King (1384–1421)
Binnya Dhammaraza, King (1421–1424)
Binnya Ran I, King (1424–1446)
Binnya Waru, King (1446–1451)
Binnya Kyan, King (1451–1453)
Leik Munhtaw, King (1453–1454)
Shin Sawbu, Queen (1454–1471)
Dhammazedi, King (1471–1492)
Binnya Ran II, King (1492–1526)

Kengtung (complete list) –

艾乌萨, Saopha (1390–1403)
伊康伽, Saopha (1403–1416)
Sao Shan, Saopha (1416–1441)
Sao Shan Sili, Saopha (1441–1456)
艾劳康, Saopha (1456–1474)
Ai Lao (艾劳), Saopha (1474–1501)

Mongyang –

Sawlon the Elder, Saopha (c.1482–?)

Kingdom of Mrauk U (complete list) –

Min Saw Mon, King (1429–1433)
Min Khayi, King (1433–1459)
Ba Saw Phyu, King (1459–1482)
Min Dawlya, King (1482–1492)
Ba Saw Nyo, King (1492–1494)
Min Ran Aung, King (1494)
Salingathu, King (1494–1502)

Prome Kingdom (complete list) –

Thado Minsaw, King (1482–1526)

Philippines

Tondo (complete list) –

Gambang, Rajah (c.1390–1417)
Suko, Rajah (1417–1430)
Lontok, Rajah (1430–1450)
Dayang Kalangitan, Queen (1450–c.1515)

Madja-as (complete list) –

Kalantiaw, Datu (1365–1437)
Manduyog, Datu (1437–?)
Padojinog, Datu (15th/16th century)

Rajahnate of Cebu –

Bantug, Rajah (c.15th century)
Parang the Limp, Rajah (15th/16th century)

Caboloan (complete list) –

Kamayin, King (1406–1408)
Taymey, King (1408–1409)
Liyu, King (1409–?)

Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) –

Sharif ul-Hāshim, Sultan (1405–?)
Kamal ud-Din, Sultan (1480–1505)

Thailand

Lan Na: Mangrai dynasty (complete list) –

Saenmueangma, King (1385–1401)
Samfangkaen, King (1402–1441)
Tilokkarat, King (1441–1487)
Yotchiangrai, King (1487–1495)
Kaeo or Mueangkaeo, King (1495–1525)

Sukhothai Kingdom (complete list) –

Maha Thammaracha III, King (1400–1419)
Maha Thammaracha IV, King (1419–1438)

Ayutthaya Kingdom (complete list) –

Uthong dynasty

Ramrachathirat, King (1395–1409)

Suphannaphum dynasty

Intharacha, King (1409–1424)
Borommarachathirat II, King (1424–1448)
Borommatrailokkanat, King (1448–1488)
Borommaracha III, King (1488–1491)
Ramathibodi II, King (1491–1529)

Vietnam

Champa (complete list) –

Jaya Simhavarman V, King (1400–1441)
Maija Vijaya, King (1441–1446)
Moho Kouei-Lai, King (1446–1449)
Moho Kouei-Yeou, King (1449–1458)
Moho P'an-Lo-Yue, King (1458–1460)
P'an-Lo T'ou-Ts'iuan, King (1460–1471)

Đại Việt: Hồ dynasty (complete list) –

Hồ Quý Ly, Emperor (1400–1401)
Hồ Hán Thương, Emperor (1401–1407)

Đại Việt: Later Trần dynasty (complete list) –

Giản Định Đế, Emperor (1407–1409)
Trùng Quang Đế, Emperor (1409–1414)
Trần Cảo, (puppet) Emperor (1426–1428)

Đại Việt: Later Lê dynasty (complete list) –

Lê Lợi, Emperor (1428–1433)
Lê Thái Tông, Emperor (1433–1442)
Lê Nhân Tông, Emperor (1442–1459)
Lê Nghi Dân, Emperor (1459–1460)
Lê Thánh Tông, Emperor (1460–1497)
Lê Hiến Tông, Emperor (1497–1504)

Asia: South

Asia: West

Oman

Nabhani dynasty (complete list) –

Makhzum bin al Fallah, Malik (1406–1435)
Abul Hassan of Oman, Malik (1435–1451)
Omar bin al Khattab, Malik (1451–1490)
Omar al Sharif, Malik (1490–1500)
Muhammad bin Ismail, Malik (1500–1529)

Turkey

Ottoman Empire

Sultans –

Bayezid I, Sultan (1389–1402)
Mehmed I, Sultan (1413–1421)
Murad II, Sultan (1421–1444, 1446–1451)
Mehmed II, Sultan (1444–1446, 1451–1481)
Bayezid II, Sultan (1481–1512)

Grand Viziers –

Zagan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1453–1456)
Veli Mahmud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1456–1466)
Rum Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1466–1469)
Ishak Pasha, Grand Vizier (1469–1472)
Veli Mahmud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1472–1474)
Gedik Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1474–1477)
Karamani Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1477–1481)
Ishak Pasha, Grand Vizier (1481–1482)
Koca Davud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1482–1497)
Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1497–1498)
Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger, Grand Vizier (1498–1499)
Yakub Pasha, Grand Vizier (1499–1501)

Yemen

Kathiri State of Seiyun –

Bas-Sahab ibn al-Habrali Bu Tuwairik, Sultan (1395–1430)
Muhammad ibn 'Ali, Sultan (c.1430–c.1450)
Dscha'far ibn 'Abdallah, Sultan (c.1493)

Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) –

al-Mansur Ali bin Salah ad-Din, Imam (1391–1436)
al-Hadi Ali, Imam (1393–1432)
al-Mahdi Salah ad-Din, Imam (1436–1445)
al-Mansur an-Nasir, Imam (1436–1462)
al-Mutawakkil al-Mutahhar, Imam (1436–1474)
al-Mu’ayyad Muhammad, Imam (1462–1503)
an-Nasir Muhammad bin Yusuf, Imam (1474–1488)
al-Hadi Izz ad-Din, Imam (1474–1495)
al-Mansur Muhammad, Imam (1475–1504)
an-Nasir al-Hasan, Imam (1495–1523)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Principality of Achaea (complete list) –

Pedro de San Superano, Prince (1396–1402)
Maria, Princess (1402–1404)
Centurione, Prince (1404–1430)

Duchy of the Archipelago (complete list) –

Giacomo I, Duke (1397–1418)
Giovanni II, Duke (1418–1433)
Giacomo II, Duke (1433–1447)
Gian Giacomo, Duke (1447–1453)
Guglielmo II, Duke (1453–1463)
Francesco II, Duke (1463)
Giacomo III, Duke (1463–1480)
Giovanni III, Duke (1480–1494)
Francesco III, Duke (1500–1511)

Byzantine Empire (complete list) –

Manuel II Palaiologos, Emperor (1391–1425)
Andronikos V Palaiologos, Emperor (c.1403–1407)
John VIII Palaiologos, Emperor (1425–1448)
Constantine XI Palaiologos, Emperor (1449–1453)

Despotate of the Morea (complete list) –

Theodore I Palaiologos, Despot (1383–1407)
Theodore II Palaiologos, Despot (1407–1443)
Constantine Palaiologos, Despot (1428–1449)
Thomas Palaiologos, Despot (1428–1460)
Demetrios II Palaiologos, Despot (1449–1460)

Hospitaller Rhodes: Knights Hospitaller (complete list) –

Philibert de Naillac, Grand Master (1396–1421)
Anton Flavian de Ripa, Grand Master (1421–1437)
Jean de Lastic, Grand Master (1437–1454)
Jacques de Milly, Grand Master (1454–1461)
Piero Raimondo Zacosta, Grand Master (1461–1467)
Giovanni Battista Orsini, Grand Master (1467–1476)
Pierre d'Aubusson, Grand Master (1476–1503)

Moravian Serbia/Serbian Despotate (complete list) –

Stefan Lazarević, Prince (1389–1402), Despot (1402–1427)
Đurađ Branković, Despot (1427–1456)
Lazar Branković, Despot (1456–1458)
Stefan Branković, Despot (1458–1459)
Stephen Tomašević, Despot (1459)

Republic of Ragusa (complete list) –

Vittorio Bobali, Rector (1403–1417)
Džono Andra Bobali and Simo Benessa, Rector (1500–1501)

Europe: British Isles

Scotland

Kingdom of Scotland (complete list) –

Robert III, King (1390–1406)
James I, King (1406–1437)
James II, King (1437–1460)
James III, King (1460–1488)
James IV, King (1488–1513)

England and Ireland

Kingdom of England and Lordship of Ireland (complete list) –

Henry IV, King and Lord (1399–1413)
Henry V, King and Lord (1413–1422)
John of Lancaster, Regent (1422–1429)
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Regent (1422–1437)
Henry Beaufort, Regent (1422–1437)
Richard Plantagenet, Regent (1454–1456)
Henry VI, King and Lord (1422–1461, 1470–1471)
Edward IV, King and Lord (1461–1470, 1471–1483)
Edward V, King and Lord (1483)
Richard III, King and Lord (1483–1485)
Henry VII, King and Lord (1485–1509)

Ireland

Airgíalla (complete list) –

Pilib Ruadh mac Briain, King (1371–1403)
Ardghal mac Briain, King (1403–1416)
Brian mac Ardghail, King (1416–1442)
Ruaidhri mac Ardghail, King (1442–1446)
Aodh Ruadh mac Ruaidhri, King (1446–1453)
Feidhlimidh mac Briain, King (1453–1466)
Eochan mac Ruaidhri, King (1466–1467)
Reamonn mac Ruaidhri, King (1467–1484)
Aodh Óg mac Aodha Ruaidh, King (1485–1496)
Brian mac Reamoinn, King (1496–1497)
Rossa mac Maghnusa, King (1497–1513)

East Breifne (complete list) –

Maelmordha, ruler (1403–1411)
Richard, ruler (1411–1418)
Owen, ruler (1418–1449)
Farrell, ruler (1450)
John, ruler (1450–1460)
Cathal O'Reilly, ruler (1467)
Turlough, ruler (1468–1487)
John, son of Turlough O'Reilly, ruler (1487–1491)
John, son of Cathal O'Reilly, ruler (1491–1510)

West Breifne (complete list) –

Tigernán mór Ó Ruairc, King (1376–1418)
Aodh buidhe Ó Ruairc, King (1418–1419)
Tadhg Ó Ruairc, King (1419–1424)
Art Ó Ruairc, King (1419–1424)
Tadhg Ó Ruairc, King (1424–1435)
Lochlann Ó Ruairc, King (1435–1458)
Donnchadh bacagh Ó Ruairc, King (1435–1445)
Donnchadh Ó Ruairc, King (1445–1449)
Tigernán óg Ó Ruairc, King (1449–1468)
Donnchadh losc Ó Ruairce, King (1468–1476)
Domnall Ó Ruairc, King (1468–1476,)
Feidhlimidh Ó Ruairc, King (1476–1500)
Eóghan Ó Ruairc, King (1500–1528)

Leinster (complete list) –

Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1375–1417)
Donnchadh mac Art mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1417–1478)
Domhnall Riabhach mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1478)
Muircheartach mac Donnchadh mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1478–1512)

Magh Luirg (complete list) –

Conchobair Óg mac Diarmata, King (1398–1404)
Ruaidri Caech mac Diarmata, King (1404–1421)
Tomaltach an Einigh mac Diarmata, King (1421–1458)
Aedh mac Diarmata, King (1458–1465)
Conochobar Óg mac Diarmata, King (1456–1478)
Ruaidri Óg mac Diarmata, King (1478–1486)
Conchobair mac Diarmata, King (1486–1497)
Tadhg mac Diarmata, King (1497–1499)
Cormac mac Diarmata, King (1499–1528)

Síol Anmchadha (complete list) –

Eoghan Mór Ó Madadhan, Lord (1371–1410)
Murcadh Ó Madadhan, Lord (1410–1451)
Eoghan Carrach Ó Madadhan, Lord (1451–?)
Murchadh Reagh Ó Madadhan, Lord (?–1475)
Owen Ó Madadhan, Lord (1475–c.1479)
Breasal Ó Madadhan, Lord (c.1479–1526)

Europe: Central

Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) –

Rupert, King (1400–1410)
Jobst of Moravia, contested King (1410–1411)
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (1433–1437), King (1410–1437)
Albert II, King (1438–1439)
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (1452–1493), King (1440–1493)
Maximilian I, Emperor Elect (1508–1519), King (1486–1519)

Austria

Habsburg monarchy (complete list) –

Habsburg monarchs ruled under numerous simultaneous titles

Frederick III, (1452–1493)
Maximilian I, (1493–1519)

Hungary

Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526) (complete list) –

Sigismund, King (1387–1437)
Albert, King (1437–1439)
Ladislaus V, King (1440–1457)
Vladislaus I, King (1440–1444)
Matthias I, King (1458–1490)
Vladislaus II, King (1490–1516)

Poland

Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569) (complete list) –

Władysław II Jagiełło, King (1386–1434)
Władysław III of Varna, King (1434–1444)
Casimir IV, King (1447–1492)
John I Albert, King (1492–1501)

Duchy of Opole (complete list) –

Władysław II, Duke (1356–1401)
Bernard, co-Duke (1396–1400)
Bolko IV, Duke (1396–1437)
Jan I, co-Duke (1437–1439)
Nicholas I, Duke (1437–1476)
Louis, co-Duke (1476)
Nicholas II, co-Duke (1476)
Jan II the Good, Duke (1476–1532)

Duchy of Masovia: Płock and Rawa (complete list) –

Siemowit IV the Younger, Duke of Płock and Rawa (1381–1426)
Trojden II, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1426–1427)
Siemowit V, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1426–1434), Duke of Rawa (1434–1442)
Casimir II, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1426–1434), Duke of Bełz (1434–1442)
Władysław I, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1426–1434), Duke of Płock (1434–1442), of Płock and Rawa-Rawa (1442–1455)
Margareta of Opava-Ráciborz, Duchess of Rawa-Gostynin (1442–1459)
Anna of Oleśnica, Paul Giżycki, Regents of Płock and Rawa-Rawa (1455–1459)
Siemowit VI, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1455–1462)
Władysław II, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1459–1462)
Casimir III, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Płock (1471–1475)
Janusz II, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Płock (1475–1495)

Duchy of Masovia: Warsaw (complete list) –

Janusz I the Elder, Duke (1381–1429)
Anna of Lithuania, Regent (1429–1436)
Bolesław IV, Duke (1429–1454)
Barbara Aleksandrówna, Regent (1454–1462)
Paul Giżycki, Regent (1454–1462)
Casimir III, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Płock (1471–1475)
Bolesław V, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Warsaw (1471–1488)
Janusz II, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Płock (1475–1495)
Konrad III the Rudy, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Czersk (1471–1495), of Warsaw (1488–1495), of Masovia (1495–1503)

Duchy of Masovia (complete list) –

Konrad III the Rudy, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Czersk (1471–1495), of Warsaw (1488–1495), of Masovia (1495–1503)

State of the Teutonic Order (complete list) –

Konrad von Jungingen, Grand Master (1393–1407)
Ulrich von Jungingen, Grand Master (1407–1410)
Heinrich von Plauen, Grand Master (1410–1413)
Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, Grand Master (1414–1422)
Paul von Rusdorf, Grand Master (1422–1441)
Konrad von Erlichshausen, Grand Master (1441–1449)
Ludwig von Erlichshausen, Grand Master (1450–1467)
Heinrich Reuß von Plauen, Grand Master (1467–1470)
Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg, Grand Master (1470–1477)
Martin Truchseß von Wetzhausen, Grand Master (1477–1489)
Johann von Tiefen, Grand Master (1489–1497)
Frederick, Duke of Saxony, Grand Master (1497–1510)

Europe: East

Crimean Khanate (complete list) –

Hacı I Giray, Khan (1441–1466)
Nur Devlet, Khan (1466–1467)
Meñli I Giray, Khan (1467)
Nur Devlet, Khan (1467–1469)
Meñli I Giray, Khan (1469–1475)
Hayder, Khan (1475)
Nur Devlet, Khan (1475–1476)
Meñli I Giray, Khan (1478–1515)

Khanate of Kazan (complete list) –

Olugh Mokhammad, Khan (1438–1446)
Mäxmüd, Khan (1445–1466)
Xälil, Khan (1466–1467)
Ibrahim, Khan (1467–1479)
Ilham Ghali, Khan (1479–1484, 1485–1487)
Möxämmädämin, Khan (1484–1485, 1487–1495, 1502–1518)
Mamuq, Khan (1495–1496)
Ghabdellatif, Khan (1496–1502)

Moldavia (complete list) –

Alexandru I the Good, Voivode (1400–1432)
Iliaș I, Voivode (1432–1433, 1435–1443)
Ștefan II, Voivode (1433–1435, 1435–1447)
Petru III, Voivode (1444–1445, 1447, 1448)
Roman II, Voivode (1447, 1447–1448)
Csupor de Monoszló, usurper Prince (1448)
Alexandru II, Voivode (1448–1449, 1452–1454, 1455)
Bogdan II, Voivode (1449–1451)
Petru IV Aron, Voivode (1451–1452, 1454–1454/55, 1455–1457)
Ștefan III the Great, Voivode (1457–1504)

Grand Duchy of Moscow (complete list) –

Vasily I, Grand prince (1389–1425)
Vasily II, Grand prince (1425–1434)
Yury of Zvenigorod, Grand prince (1434)
Vasily Kosoy, Grand prince (1434–1435)
Vasily II, Grand prince (1435–1446)
Dmitry Shemyaka, Grand prince (1446–1447)
Vasily II, Grand prince (1447–1462)
Ivan III the Great, Grand prince (1462–1505)

Qasim Khanate (complete list) –

Qasim ibn Ulugh Muhammad, Khan/ Sultan (1445–1468)
Daniyal ibn Qasim, Sultan (1468–1486)
Nur Devlet, Khan (1486–1491)
Satylghan ibn Nur Daulat, Sultan (1491–1506)

Principality of Theodoro/Gothia

Stephen [pl] ( –1402)
Alexios I [pl] (1402–1434)
Alexios II [pl] (1434–1444)
John [pl] (1444–1460)
Isaac [pl] (1471–1474)
Alexander [pl] (1474–1475)

Principality of Wallachia (complete list) –

Mihail I, Prince (1418–1420)
Radu II the Bald, Prince (1420–1422,^{[better source needed]} 1426–1427)
Dan II, Prince (1422–1426, 1427–1431)
Alexandru I Aldea, Prince (1431–1436)
Vlad II the Dragon/Dracul, Prince (1436–1442, 1443–1447)
Mircea II the Younger, Prince (1442, 1446–1447)
Basarab II, Prince (1442–1443)
Vladislav II, Prince (1447–1448, 1448–1456)
Vlad III the Impaler, Prince (1448, 1456–1462, 1476)
Radu III the Fair, Prince (1462–1473, 1473–1474, 1474, 1474–1475)
Basarab III Laiotă the Old, Prince (1473, 1474, 1474, 1475–1476, 1476–1477)
Basarab IV The Younger, The Little Impaler, Prince (1477–1481, 1481–1482)
Mircea (III), Prince (1481)
Vlad IV the Monk, Prince (1481, 1482–1495)
Radu IV the Great, Prince (1495–1508)

Europe: Nordic

Kalmar Union

Kalmar Union of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway (complete list, complete list, complete list) –

Margaret I, Queen Regent of Denmark (1387–1412), of Norway (1388–1412), of Sweden (1389–1412)
Eric of Pomerania, King (1389–1442)
Sigurd Jonsson, Regent of Norway (1439–1442, 1448–1449)
Christopher, King of Denmark (1440–1448), of Sweden (1441–1448), of Norway (1442–1448)
Bengt Jönsson, Nils Jönsson, co-Regents of Sweden (1448)
Charles VIII, King of Norway (1449–1450), of Sweden (1448–1457, 1464–1465, 1467–1470)
Jöns Bengtsson, co-Regent of Sweden (1457), Regent (1465–1466)
Erik Axelsson Tott, co-Regent of Sweden (1457), Regent (1466–1467)
Christian I, King of Denmark (1448–1481), of Norway (1450–1481), of Sweden (1457–1464)
Kettil Karlsson, Regent of Sweden (1464, 1464–1465)
Sten Sture the Elder, Regent of Sweden (1470–1497, 1501–1503)
Jon Svaleson Smør, Regent of Norway (1481–1483)
John, King of Denmark (1481–1513), of Norway (1483–1513), of Sweden (1497–1501)

Duchy of Schleswig (complete list) –

Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg, Duke (1386–1404)
Henry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg, Duke (1404–1427)
Adolphus VIII, Count of Holstein, Duke (1440–1459)
Christian I of Denmark, Duke (1460–1481)
John, King of Denmark, Duke (1482–1513)
Frederick I of Denmark, Duke (1490–1533)

Europe: Southcentral

Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire) (complete list) –

Sigismund, King (1431–1437)
Frederick III, King (1452–1493)

Florence (complete list) –

Cosimo the Elder, Lord (1434–1464)
Piero the Gouty, Lord (1464–1469)
Giuliano, Lord (1469–1478)
Lorenzo the Magnificent, Lord (1469–1492)
Piero the Unfortunate, Lord (1492–1494)
Girolamo Savonarola, de facto ruler (1494–1498)

Margraviate of Mantua (complete list) –

Gianfrancesco Gonzaga, Lord (1407–1433), Marquess (1433–1444)
Louis III, Marquess (1444–1478)
Frederick I, Marquess (1478–1484)
Francis II, Marquess (1484–1519)

Margraviate of Massa and Carrara (complete list) –

Antonio Malaspina, Marquis (1442–1445)
Iacopo Malaspina, Marquis (1445–1481)
Alberico II Malaspina, Marquis (1481–1519)

Margraviate of Modena, Reggio, and Ferrara (complete list) –

Niccolò III, Marquis of Ferrara and Modena (1393–1441), of Reggio (1405–1441)
Leonello, Marquis (1441–1450)
Borso, Marquis(1450–1452), Duke (1452–1471)

Duchy of Modena, Reggio, and Ferrara (complete list) –

Borso, Marquis(1450–1452), Duke (1452–1471)
Ercole I, Duke (1471–1505)

March of Montferrat (complete list) –

Theodore II, Marquis (1381–1418)
John Jacob, Marquis (1418–1445)
John IV, Marquis (1445–1464)
William VIII, Marquis (1464–1483)
Boniface III, Marquis (1483–1494)
William IX, Marquis (1494–1518)

Papal States (complete list) –

Boniface IX, Pope (1389–1404)
Innocent VII, Pope (1404–1406)
Gregory XII, Pope (1406–1415)
Martin V, Pope (1417–1431)
Eugene IV, Pope (1431–1447)
Nicholas V, Pope (1447–1455)
Callixtus III, Pope (1455–1458)
Pius II, Pope (1458–1464)
Paul II, Pope (1464–1471)
Sixtus IV, Pope (1471–1484)
Innocent VIII, Pope (1484–1492)
Alexander VI, Pope (1492–1503)

San Marino

Captains Regent (1243–1500) –

Ugolino di Giovanni, Betto di Guerolo, Captains Regent (1400–1401)
Giovanni di Francesco, Bettino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1401)
Bartolino di Antonio, Michelino di Paoluccio, Captains Regent (1401–1402)
Gozio di Mucciolino, Landolino di Nicolino, Captains Regent (1402)
Simone di Menghino, Rigone di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1402–1403)
Vita di Corbello, Simone di Belluzzo, Captains Regent (1403)
Martino di Guerolo de' Pistorj, Antonio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1403–1404)
Paolino di Giovanni Bianco, Betto di Tura, Captains Regent (1404)
Antonio di Tegna, Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1404–1405)
Giovanni di Guidino, Bettino di Paolo, Michele di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1405)
Marino di Ghino, Foschino di Benedetto Madroni, Captains Regent (1405–1406)
Giovanni di Francesco de' Pistorj, Giovanni di Nino de' Gherardi, Captains Regent (1406)
Antonio Lunardini, Giovanni di Pasino, Captains Regent (1406–1407)
Gozio di Mucciolino, Giovanni di Cecco di Alessandro, Captains Regent (1407)
Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Michelino di Paoluccio, Captains Regent (1407–1408)
Bartolino di Antonio, Michelino di Berardo, Captains Regent (1408)
Simone di Menghino de' Calcigni, Benedetto di Tosetto, Captains Regent (1408–1409)
Giovanni di Francesco, Giacomino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1409)
Rigone di Giovanni, Antonio di Tegna, Captains Regent (1409–1410)
Vita di Corbello, Bettino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1410)
Michelino di Paoluccio, Sante Lunardini, Captains Regent (1410–1411)
Simone di Belluzzo, Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1411)
Paolo di Carbone, Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi, Captains Regent (1411–1412)
Simone di Menghino de' Calcigni, Foschino di Benedetto Madroni, Captains Regent (1412)
Antonio di Segna, Giovanni di Ugolino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1412–1413)
Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Giovanni di Paolino Vitola, Captains Regent (1413)
Francesco di Bartoccino, Michelino di Paoluccio, Captains Regent (1413–1414)
Antonio Lunardini, Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1414)
Benedetto di Tosetto, Michelino di Berardo, Captains Regent (1414–1415)
Bettino di Paolo, Silvestro di Cecco, Captains Regent (1415)
Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1415–1416)
Antonio Lunardini, Giovanni di Paolino Vitola, Captains Regent (1416)
Michelino di Paoluccio, Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi, Captains Regent (1416–1417)
Simone di Menghino Calcigni, Foschino di Benedetto Madroni, Captains Regent (1417)
Giovanni di Ugolino di Giovanni, Cecco di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1417–1418)
Sante Lunardini, Bettino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1418)
Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Antonio di Tegna, Captains Regent (1418–1419)
Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Foschino di Benedetto Madroni, Captains Regent (1419)
Giovanni di Paolino Vitola, Benedetto di Tosetto, Captains Regent (1419–1420)
Antonio di Tegna, Cristofaro di Paolo Carboni, Captains Regent (1420)
Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1420–1421)
Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi, Captains Regent (1421)
Bettino di Paolo, Sante Lunardini, Captains Regent (1421–1422)
Cristofaro di Paolo Carboni, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1422)
Francesco di Bartoccino, Antonio di Benedetto Tosetto, Captains Regent (1422–1423)
Antonio Lunardini, Simone di Menghino Calcigni, Captains Regent (1423)
Antonio di Marino Di Fosco, Giovanni di Paolino Vitola, Captains Regent (1423–1424)
Antonio di Tegna, Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1424)
Sante Lunardini, Baldassarre di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1424–1425)
Giovanni di Paolino, Antonio di Rigo, Captains Regent (1425)
Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Lorenzo di Piero, Captains Regent (1425–1426)
Francesco di Bartoccino, Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1426)
Sante Lunardini, Francesco di Betto, Captains Regent (1426–1427)
Cristofaro di Paolo, Antonio di Benedetto, Captains Regent (1427)
Giovanni di Pasino, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1427–1428)
Antonio di Tegna, Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1428)
Sante Lunardini, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1428–1429)
Antonio di Rigo, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1429)
Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi, Captains Regent (1429–1430)
Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Giovanni di Antonio, Captains Regent (1430)
Sante Lunardini, Benetino di Paolino, Captains Regent (1430–1431)
Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Antonio di Rigo, Captains Regent (1431)
Giovanni di Antonio, Antonio di Bartolino, Captains Regent (1431–1432)
Luigi di Vita, Baldassarre di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1432)
Sante Lunardini, Tommaso di Antonio, Captains Regent (1432–1433)
Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1433)
Antonio di Benedetto, Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1433–1434)
Andrea di Michelino, Francesco di Betto, Captains Regent (1434)
Benetino di Paolino, Luigi di Vita, Captains Regent (1434–1435)
Giovanni di Antonio Lunardini, Ciono di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1435)
Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1436)
Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Michele di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1436–1437)
Andrea di Cecco, Francesco di Bartolo, Captains Regent (1437)
Francesco di Menghino, Giovanni di Antonio, Captains Regent (1437–1438)
Niccolò di Michelino, Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1438)
Tommaso di Antonio, Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1438–1439)
Luigi di Vita, Niccolò di Sabattino, Captains Regent (1439)
Sante Lunardini, Bianco di Antonio, Captains Regent (1439–1440)
Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1440)
Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1440–1441)
Filippo di Giovanni Caccia, Niccolò di Michelino, Captains Regent (1441)
Marino Calcigni, Tommaso di Antonio, Captains Regent (1441–1442)
Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1442)
Michele di Giovanni di Pasino, Bianco di Antonio, Captains Regent (1442–1443)
Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Mengo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1443)
Luigi di Vita, Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Captains Regent (1443–1444)
Francesco di Niccolò, Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1444)
Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1444–1445)
Niccolò di Michelino, Bartolo di Francesco, Captains Regent (1445)
Cristofaro di Paolo, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1445–1446)
Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Bartolo di Angelo di Ciono, Captains Regent (1446)
Bianco d'Antonio, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1446–1447)
Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Marino di Fosco (died during his term,
replaced by Vita di Giovanni di Paolino), Captains Regent (1447)
Francesco di Niccolò, Filippo di Antonio Madroni, Captains Regent (1447–1448)
Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1448)
Baldassarre di Giovanni, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1448–1449)
Bartolo di Angelo di Ciono, Venturuccio di Lorenzo, Captains Regent (1449)
Bianco di Antonio, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1449–1450)
Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Matteo di Mucciolo (died during his term,
replaced by Marino di Venturino), Captains Regent (1450)
Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Mengo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1450–1451)
Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1451)
Niccolò di Michelino, Paolo di Angelo di Ciono, Captains Regent (1451–1452)
Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1452)
Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1452–1453)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Bartolo di Michele, Captains Regent (1453)
Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Filippo di Antonio Madroni, Captains Regent (1453–1454)
Bartolo di Antonio Tegna, Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1454)
Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Francesco di Giuliano Righi, Captains Regent (1454–1455)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1455)
Giacomo d'Antonio Samaritani, Bartolo di Giovanni di Casalino, Captains Regent (1455–1456)
Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1456)
Niccolò di Michelino, Girolamo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1456–1457)
Bianco di Antonio, Bartolo di Michele, Captains Regent (1457)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Marino di Venturino, Captains Regent (1457–1458)
Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1458)
Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Andrea di Cecco (died 1459 and
replaced by Bartolo di Michele Pasini), Captains Regent (1458–1459)
Bianco di Antonio, Bartolo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1459)
Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Polinoro di Antonio Lunardino, Captains Regent (1459–1460)
Marino di Venturino, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1460)
Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1460–1461)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Francesco di Giovanni Sabattini, Captains Regent (1461)
Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Bianco di Antonio, Captains Regent (1461–1462)
Bartolo di Antonio, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1462)
Giacomo di Antonio Sammaritani, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1462–1463)
Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Maurizio di Antonio, Captains Regent (1463)
Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Pasquino di Antonio, Captains Regent (1463–1464)
Marino Venturini, Simone di Cecco di Benetto, Captains Regent (1464)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Giovanni Calcigni, Captains Regent (1464–1465)
Bianco di Antonio, Paolo di Angelo di Ciono, Captains Regent (1465)
Bartolo di Antonio, Simone di Baldo, Captains Regent (1465–1466)
Pasquino di Antonio, Marino di Venturino, Captains Regent (1466)
Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1466–1467)
Giacomo di Marino, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1467)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Maurizio di Antonio, Captains Regent (1467–1468)
Marino di Venturino, Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1468)
Lodovico di Marino Calcigni, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1468–1469)
Bianco di Antonio, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1469)
Bartolo di Antonio, Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Captains Regent (1469–1470)
Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Paolo di Angelo di Ciono, Captains Regent (1470)
Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1470–1471)
Giacomo di Marino, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1471)
Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Marino di Venturino, Captains Regent (1471–1472)
Maurizio di Antonio, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1472)
Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1472–1473)
Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Serafino di Michele, Captains Regent (1473)
Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1473–1474)
Bartolo di Antonio, Pasquino di Antonio, Captains Regent (1474)
Serafino di Michele, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1474–1475)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Simone di Cecco di Benetto, Captains Regent (1475)
Antonio di Marino, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1475–1476)
Bianco di Antonio, Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Captains Regent (1476)
Bartolo di Antonio, Marino di Venturino, Captains Regent (1476–1477)
Simone di Cecco Benetto, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1477)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Lodovico di Michele Pasini, Captains Regent (1477–1478)
Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1478)
Marino di Venturino, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1478–1479)
Antonio di Marino, Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1479)
Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1479–1480)
Riccio di Andrea, Marino Samaritani, Captains Regent (1480)
Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1480–1481)
Marino di Venturino, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1481)
Bartolo di Antonio, Maurizio di Antonio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1481–1482)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Marino Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1482)
Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1482–1483)
Antonio di Marino, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1483)
Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Antonio di Girolamo, Captains Regent (1483–1484)
Riccio di Andrea di Antonio, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1484)
Giacomo di Marino, Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1484–1485)
Maurizio di Antonio Lunardini, Bartolo di Pasquino, Captains Regent (1485)
Sabatino di Bianco, Cristoforo di Cecco di Vita, Captains Regent (1485–1486)
Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Valente di Paolo, Captains Regent (1486)
Antonio di Bianco, Marino Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1486–1487)
Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Marino di Simone Muccioli, Captains Regent (1487)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1487–1488)
Bartolo di Antonio, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1488)
Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Francesco di Antonio di Anastasio, Captains Regent (1488–1489)
Giacomo di Marino, Antonio di Girolamo, Captains Regent (1489)
Marino di Antonio Giannini, Gabriele di Bartolo, Captains Regent (1489–1490)
Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1490)
Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1490–1491)
Antonio di Bianco, Marino di Simone Muccioli, Captains Regent (1491)
Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Matteo Tura, Captains Regent (1491–1492)
Riccio di Andrea, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1492)
Cristoforo di Cecco di Vita, Bonifazio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1492–1493)
Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Valente di Paolo, Captains Regent (1493)
Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Francesco di Antonio di Anastasio, Captains Regent (1493–1494)
Antonio di Girolamo, Marino di Simone Muccioli, Captains Regent (1494)
Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Marino di Niccolò di Giovanetto, Captains Regent (1494–1495)
Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1495)
Marino di Antonio Giannini, Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1495–1496)
Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1496)
Cristofaro di Cecco di Vita, Bonifazio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1496–1497)
Antonio di Bianco, Andrea di Giorgio Loli, Captains Regent (1497)
Matteo Tura, Antonio di Bartolomeo, Captains Regent (1497–1498)
Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Valente di Paolo, Captains Regent (1498)
Antonio di Girolamo, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1498–1499)
Marino di Niccolò di Giovanetto, Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1499)
Cristoforo di Cecco di Vita, Bonifazio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1499–1500)
Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1500)
Francesco di Girolamo Belluzzi, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1500–1501)

Republic of Venice (complete list) –

Michele Steno, Doge (1400–1413)
Tommaso Mocenigo, Doge (1413–1423)
Francesco Foscari, Doge (1423–1457)
Pasquale Malipiero, Doge (1457–1462)
Cristoforo Moro, Doge (1462–1471)
Nicolò Tron, Doge (1471–1473)
Nicolò Marcello, Doge (1473–1474)
Pietro Mocenigo, Doge (1474–1476)
Andrea Vendramin, Doge (1476–1478)
Giovanni Mocenigo, Doge (1478–1485)
Marco Barbarigo, Doge (1485–1486)
Agostino Barbarigo, Doge (1486–1501)

Southern Italy

Kingdom of Naples (complete list) –

Ladislaus I the Magnanimous, King (1386–1389, 1399–1414)
Louis III, King (1417–1426)
Joanna II, Queen (1414–1435)
René I the Good, King (1435–1442)
Alfonso I the Magnanimous, King (1442–1458)
Ferdinand I, King (1458–1494)
Alfonso II, King (1494–1495)
Ferdinand II, King (1495–1496)
Frederick I, King (1496–1501)

Kingdom of Trinacria: Sicily (complete list) –

Maria, Queen (1377–1401)
Martin I, King (1390–1409)
Martin II, King (1409–1410)
Ferdinand I, King (1412–1416)
Alfonso the Magnanimous, King (1416–1458)
John, King (1458–1468)
Ferdinand II, King (1468–1516)

Principality of Taranto (complete list) –

Raimondo del Balzo Orsini, Prince (1393–1406)
Ladislaus of Durazzo, Prince (1406–1414)
James II of Bourbon-La Marche, Prince (1414–1420)
Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini, Prince (1420–1463)
Isabella of Clermont, Princess (1463–1465)

Europe: Southwest

Iberian Peninsula: Christian

Crown of Aragon (complete list) –

Martin, King (1396–1410)
Ferdinand I the Honest, King (1412–1416)
Alfonso V the Magnanimous, King (1416–1458)
John II the Great, King (1458–1479)

Henry IV, claimant king (1462–1463)
Peter V, claimant king (1463–1466)
René, claimant king (1466–1472)

Ferdinand the Catholic, King (1479–1516)

Crown of Castile (complete list) –

Henry III the Infirm, King (1390–1406)
John II, King (1406–1454)
Henry IV the Impotent, King (1454–1474)
Isabella I the Catholic, Queen (1474–1504)
Ferdinand the Catholic, King (1475–1504)

Principality of Catalonia (complete list) –

Martin the Humanist, Count (1396–1410)

Kingdom of Navarre (complete list) –

Charles III, King (1387–1425)
Blanche I, Queen (1425–1441)
John II, King (1425–1441 de jure; 1425–1479 de facto)
Charles IV, King (1441–1461 de jure)
Blanche II, Queen (1461–1464 de jure)
Eleanor, King (1464–1479 de jure; 1479 de facto)
Francis Phoebus, King (1479–1483)
Catherine, Queen (1483–1517)

County of Ribagorza (complete list) –

Alfonso I, Count (1365–1412)
Alfonso II, Count (1412–1422)
Alfonso III, Count (1469–1485)
John, Count (1485–1512)

Kingdom of Portugal / Portugal and the Algarves (complete list) –

John I, King (1385–1433)
Edward I, King (1433–1438)
Afonso V, King (1438–1477, 1477–1481)
John II, King (1477–1477, 1481–1495)
Manuel I, King (1495–1521)

Marca Hispanica

Andorra

Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –

Galcerand de Vilanova, Episcopal Co-Prince (1387–1415)
Francesc de Tovia, Episcopal Co-Prince (1415–1436)
Arnau Roger de Pallars, Episcopal Co-Prince (1436–1461)
Jaume de Cardona i Gandia, Episcopal Co-Prince (1461–1466)
Roderic de Borja i Escrivà, Episcopal Co-Prince (1467–1472)
Pedro Folc de Cardona / Pere de Cardona, Episcopal Co-Prince (1472–1512, 1513–1515)