Ppp Per Capita List Of Countries By Gdp

The share of the shadow economy is significant in many European countries, ranging from less than 10 to over 40 per cent of GDP. Since 2014, EU member states have been encouraged by Eurostat, the official statistics body, to include some illegal activities.

There are many natural economic reasons for GDP-per-capita to vary between jurisdictions (e.g. places rich in oil and gas tend to have high GDP-per-capita figures). However, it is increasingly being recognized that tax havens, or corporate tax havens, have distorted economic data which produces artificially high, or inflated, GDP-per-capita figures. It is estimated that over 15% of global jurisdictions are tax havens (see tax haven lists). An IMF investigation estimates that circa 40% of global foreign direct investment flows, which heavily influence the GDP of various jurisdictions, are described as "phantom" transactions.

A stunning $12 trillion—almost 40 per cent of all foreign direct investment positions globally—is completely artificial: it consists of financial investment passing through empty corporate shells with no real activity. These investments in empty corporate shells almost always pass through well-known tax havens. The eight major pass-through economies—the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Singapore—host more than 85 per cent of the world's investment in special purpose entities, which are often set up for tax reasons.

— "Piercing the Veil", International Monetary Fund, June 2018

In 2017, Ireland's economic data became so distorted by U.S. multinational tax avoidance strategies (see leprechaun economics), also known as BEPS actions, that Ireland effectively abandoned GDP (and GNP) statistics as credible measures of its economy, and created a replacement statistic called modified gross national income (or GNI*). Ireland is one of the world's largest corporate tax havens.

Ireland has, more or less, stopped using GDP to measure its economy. And on current trends [because Irish GDP is distorting EU-28 aggregate data], the eurozone taken as a whole may need to consider something similar.

— Brad Setser, Council on Foreign Relations, "Ireland exports its Leprechaun", 25 April 2018

The statistical distortions created by the impact on the Irish National Accounts of the global assets and activities of a handful of large multinational corporations have now become so large as to make a mockery of conventional uses of Irish GDP.

— Patrick Honohan, ex-Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland, 13 July 2016

A list of the top 15 GDP-per-capita countries from 2016 to 2017, contains most of the major global tax havens (see GDP-per-capita tax haven proxy for more detail):

International Monetary Fund (2017)	World Bank (2016)
Rank Country/Territory Type 1   Qatar Oil & Gas —   Macau Tax haven (Sink OFC) 2   Luxembourg Top 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC) 3   Singapore Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC) 4   Brunei Oil & Gas 5   Ireland Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC) 6   Norway Oil & Gas 7   Kuwait Oil & Gas 8   United Arab Emirates Oil & Gas 9    Switzerland Top 10 Tax Haven (Conduit OFC) —   Hong Kong Top 10 Tax Haven (Sink OFC) 10   San Marino Tax haven (Sink OFC) 11   United States 59,495 12   Saudi Arabia Oil & Gas 13   Netherlands Top 10 Tax Haven (Conduit OFC) 14   Iceland 52,150 15   Bahrain Oil & Gas	Rank Country/Territory Type 1   Qatar Oil & Gas 2   Luxembourg Top 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC) —   Macau Tax haven (Sink OFC) 3   Singapore Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC) 4   Brunei Oil & Gas 5   United Arab Emirates Oil & Gas 6   Ireland Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC) 7    Switzerland Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC) 8   Norway Oil & Gas —   Hong Kong Top 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC) 9   United States 57,467 10   Saudi Arabia Oil & Gas 11   Iceland 51,399 12   Netherlands Top 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC) 13   Austria 50,078 14   Denmark 49,496 15   Sweden 49,175

• List of countries by GDP (PPP)
• List of countries by GDP (nominal)
• List of countries by past and projected GDP (PPP) per capita
• List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
• List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita growth rate
• List of IMF ranked countries by GDP
• Quality of life
• Big Mac Index
• Government spending