The term high priest usually refers either to an individual who holds the office of ruler-priest, or to one who is the head of a religious organisation.
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In ancient Egypt, a high priest was the chief priest of any of the many gods revered by the Egyptians.
The High Priest of Israel served in the Tabernacle, then in the Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The Samaritan High Priest is the high priest of the Samaritans.
The Epistle to the Hebrews refers to Jesus as high priest.
In Christianity, a high priest could sometimes be compared to the Pope in the Catholic Church, to a patriarch in the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Church of the East and the Eastern Orthodox Churches (the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is a primus inter pares) or to a primate in the Anglican Communion (the Archbishop of Canterbury is a primus inter pares), but it is traditional to refer to it only to Jesus Christ as the only high priest of Christianity. Throughout the episcopal body, except in the Anglican and Lutheran communions, bishops may also be referred to as high priests, since they share in or are considered earthly instruments of the high priesthood of Jesus Christ.
High priest is an office of the priesthood within the Melchizedek priesthood in most denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement.
A high priest in Mandaeism is known as a ganzibra. The head of all of the high priests within a Mandaean community is known as a rishama.
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The phrase is also often used to describe someone who is deemed to be an innovator or leader in a field of achievement. For example, an 1893 publication describes ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes as having been "the high-priest of comedy".
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