ipa/Mandarin

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Mandarin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA}}, Template:IPA and Wiki: Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Standard Chinese phonology for more detail on the sounds of Mandarin Chinese.

Consonants
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example English approximation
ɕ x hs sheep, but more y-like
f f fan
j y-/-i- yes
k g k skin
k k' kin
l l leaf
m m moon
n n ㄋ,ㄣ,ㄢ noon
ŋ -ng ㄥ,ㄤ song
p b p span
p p' pan
ʐ r- j pleasure, but with tongue curled or pulled back
s s same
ʂ sh show, but without lip rounding and with tongue curled or pulled back
t d t stop
t t' top
j ch cheap, but more y-like (without lip rounding)
tɕʰ q ch' Above, but with a strong burst of breath (aspiration)
ts z ts outset
tsʰ c ts' let's help
ʈʂ zh ch cheer, but without lip rounding and with tongue curled or pulled back
ʈʂʰ ch ch' Above, but with a strong burst of breath (aspiration)
w w-/-u- water
x h loch (Scottish English)
ɥ yu-/-ü- yü-/-ü- between wet and yet
Vowels
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example English approximation
a a ㄚ,ㄢ 阿,安 cat
er êrh 二,兒(儿)
ɑ yang/-iang car
ɛ yan/-ian yen/-ien ㄧㄢ set
yuan/-üan ㄩㄢ
e ye/-ie, yue/-üe eh 也,月 hey
ə en, eng ên, êng ㄣ,ㄥ 本,冷 atop
ɚ er êrh 二,兒(儿) fern
ɤ e ê / o between boot and but
i yi/-i city
o wo/-uo/-ou o go, but without lip rounding
ɻ̩ zhi, chi, shi, ri ih 之,吃,師(师),日 Below, but with tongue curled or pulled back
ɹ̩ zi, ci, si ŭ 子,次,私 roses, cousin
u wu/-u cool
ʊ -ong -ung ㄨㄥ,ㄩㄥ 冬,用 book
y yu/-ü yü/-ü beet, but with the lips rounded as for boot
Diphthongs
ai time
ao cow
ei face
ou 歐(欧) show
Tones
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example Tone number Description
á ā a1 tone 1 high level [˥]
ǎ á a2 ㄚˊ tone 2 mid rising [˧˥]
à ǎ a3 ㄚˇ tone 3 medially, low [˩]; initially, mid falling [˧˩]; finally, low rising [˩˧]; in isolation, dipping [˧˩˧]
â à a4 ㄚˋ tone 4 high falling [˥˩]
a a a0 ˙ㄚ tone 0 or 5
(toneless)
mid [˧] after all tones but 4, where it is low [˩]
Note: Pinyin uses three of the same diacritics as IPA but with different values.

Notes

References

  • Duanmu, San (2007). The Phonology of Standard Chinese (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003). "Standard Chinese (Beijing)" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (1): 109–112. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208.
  • Lin, Yen-Hwei (2007). The Sounds of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

See also

Tags:

International Phonetic AlphabetStandard ChineseTemplate:IPAWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation

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