Demographics Of Eswatini

Demographic features of the population of Eswatini include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Eswatini
Demographics Of Eswatini
Population pyramid of Eswatini in 2020
Population1,121,761 (2022 est.)
Growth rate0.75% (2022 est.)
Birth rate23.35 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate9.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy59.69 years
 • male57.62 years
 • female61.81 years
Fertility rate2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate39.63 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-6.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years33.63%
65 and over3.83%
Sex ratio
Total0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151 male(s)/female
65 and over0.48 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalitySwati
Language
OfficialEnglish, siSwati
Demographics Of Eswatini
Swazi people dancing in a cultural village show.

The majority of Eswatini's population is ethnic Swazi, mixed with a small number of Zulus and white Africans, predominantly of British and Afrikaner origin. This population also includes a small segment within it that is mixed with any number of these ancestries.

Traditionally Swazis have been subsistence farmers and herders, but most now work in the growing urban formal economy and in government. Some Swazis work in the mines in South Africa. Eswatini also received Portuguese settlers and black refugees from Mozambique. Christianity in Eswatini is sometimes mixed with traditional beliefs and practices. Most Swazis ascribe a special spiritual role to the Swazi Royal Family.

The country's official languages are Siswati (a language related to Zulu) and English. Government and commercial business is conducted mainly in English. Asians, Afrikaners, Portuguese, and black Mozambicans speak their own languages.

Population

Demographics Of Eswatini 
Demographics of Eswatini, Data of UNDESA (Population Division), year 2019; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Eswatini's population is 1,113,276 according to the July 2021 estimate from the CIA World Factbook. The 2007 Census put the nation's population at 912,229. This number is lower than the 1997 Census, which gave 929,718 residents. The small difference is believed to be the result of massive emigration of Swazis to South Africa in search of work.

According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 1,186,000 in 2010, compared to only 273,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 38.4%, 58.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.4% was 65 years or older .

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 273 000 43.0 54.3 2.7
1955 307 000 44.2 53 2.8
1960 349 000 45.2 52 2.8
1965 392 000 46.3 51.0 2.7
1970 446 000 47.2 50.1 2.7
1975 517 000 48.0 49.3 2.7
1980 603 000 48.8 48.5 2.7
1985 706 000 48.9 48.3 2.8
1990 863 000 48.1 49.2 2.7
1995 964 000 47.6 49.6 2.8
2000 1 064 000 44.6 52.4 3.0
2005 1 105 000 41.8 55 3.2
2010 1 186 000 38.4 58.2 3.4

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 29.IV.2017):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 531 111 562 127 1 093 238 100
0–4 65 218 64 990 130 208 11.91
5–9 65 109 64 719 129 828 11.88
10–14 63 783 63 654 127 437 11.66
15–19 60 955 59 213 120 168 10.99
20–24 52 280 54 236 106 516 9.74
25–29 46 551 50 188 96 739 8.85
30–34 42 148 44 222 86 370 7.90
35–39 33 443 33 538 66 981 6.13
40–44 24 428 25 268 49 696 4.55
45–49 19 194 22 084 41 278 3.78
50–54 14 094 18 724 32 818 3.00
55–59 12 062 15 754 27 816 2.54
60–64 10 059 12 810 22 869 2.09
65-69 7 322 10 037 17 359 1.59
70-74 4 998 8 256 13 254 1.21
75-79 3 484 5 664 9 148 0.84
80+ 2 846 6 193 9 039 0.83
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 194 110 193 363 387 473 35.44
15–64 315 214 336 037 651 251 59.57
65+ 18 650 30 150 48 800 4.46
Unknown 3 137 2 577 5 714 0.52

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Eswatini is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955 14 000 7 000 7 000 48.1 22.6 25.5 6.70 174
1955-1960 16 000 7 000 9 000 47.6 20.8 26.8 6.70 160
1960-1965 18 000 7 000 10 000 47.9 19.6 28.2 6.75 150
1965-1970 20 000 8 000 13 000 49.0 18.5 30.4 6.85 141
1970-1975 24 000 8 000 16 000 49.3 16.4 32.9 6.87 124
1975-1980 27 000 8 000 19 000 48.5 14.2 34.2 6.73 108
1980-1985 31 000 8 000 23 000 47.7 12.0 35.7 6.54 90
1985-1990 36 000 8 000 28 000 46.1 10.3 35.8 6.13 77
1990-1995 36 000 9 000 28 000 39.9 9.4 30.4 5.30 69
1995-2000 35 000 12 000 22 000 34.1 11.9 22.1 4.49 80
2000-2005 34 000 17 000 17 000 31.8 15.7 16.1 4.01 87
2005-2010 34 000 17 000 17 000 30.1 14.9 15.2 3.57 76
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

Year CBR Total TFR Total CBR Urban TFR Urban CBR Rural TFR Rural
1986 6,4
1991 5,6
1997 4,5
1999-2002 4,2
2006-2007 31,1 3,8 (2,1) 31,9 3,0 (1,8) 31,0 4,2 (2,2)

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (UN World Population Prospects):

Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 41.44
1955–1960 Demographics Of Eswatini  43.47
1960–1965 Demographics Of Eswatini  45.05
1965–1970 Demographics Of Eswatini  46.69
1970–1975 Demographics Of Eswatini  49.61
1975–1980 Demographics Of Eswatini  52.61
1980–1985 Demographics Of Eswatini  56.15
1985–1990 Demographics Of Eswatini  59.66
1990–1995 Demographics Of Eswatini  59.44
1995–2000 Demographics Of Eswatini  52.50
2000–2005 Demographics Of Eswatini  45.93
2005–2010 Demographics Of Eswatini  48.41
2010–2015 Demographics Of Eswatini  54.99

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.

  • One birth every 18 minutes
  • One death every 50 minutes
  • One net migrant every 85 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 42 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.

Population

    1,121,761 (2022 est.)
    1,087,200 (July 2018 est.)

Religions

    Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)

Median age

    total: 23.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 174th
    male: 22.5 years
    female: 24.7 years (2020 est.)
    total: 23.2 years. Country comparison to the world: 175th
    male: 22.2 years
    female: 24 years (2018 est.)
    total: 21.7 years
    male: 21.5 years
    female: 21.9 years (2017 est.)

Age structure

Demographics Of Eswatini 
Population pyramid of Eswatini in 2020
    0-14 years: 33.63% (male 185,640/female 185,808)
    15-24 years: 18.71% (male 98,029/female 108,654)
    25-54 years: 39.46% (male 202,536/female 233,275)
    55-64 years: 4.36% (male 20,529/female 27,672)
    65 years and over: 3.83% (male 15,833/female 26,503) (2020 est.)
    0-14 years: 34.41% (male 186,747 /female 187,412)
    15-24 years: 19.31% (male 99,192 /female 110,770)
    25-54 years: 38.22% (male 193,145 /female 222,405)
    55-64 years: 4.28% (male 19,915 /female 26,663)
    65 years and over: 3.77% (male 15,470 /female 25,481) (2018 est.)
    0-14 years: 35.01% (male 259,646/female 253,976)
    15-24 years: 22.12% (male 164,117/female 160,478)
    25-54 years: 34.6% (male 264,262/female 243,362)
    55-64 years: 4.3% (male 25,319/female 37,763)
    65 years and over: 3.97% (male 22,113/female 36,116) (2017 est.)

Population growth rate

    0.75% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 123rd
    0.82% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 128th
    1.08% (2017 est.)

Birth rate

    23.35 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 49th
    25.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 48th
    24 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

    9.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 40th
    10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
    13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate

    2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 71st
    2.63 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 68th
    2.69 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

    -6.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 210th
    0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 82nd

Contraceptive prevalence rate

    66.1% (2014)

Dependency ratios

    total dependency ratio: 68.8 (2015 est.)
    youth dependency ratio: 63.5 (2015 est.)
    elderly dependency ratio: 5.2 (2015 est.)
    potential support ratio: 19.1 (2015 est.)

Urbanization

    urban population: 24.6% of total population (2022)
    rate of urbanization: 2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
    urban population: 23.8% of total population (2018)
    rate of urbanization: 2.46% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

389 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Infant mortality rate

    total: 48.4 deaths/1,000 live births
    male: 52.2 deaths/1,000 live births
    female: 44.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

    total population: 59.69 years. Country comparison to the world: 219th
    male: 57.62 years
    female: 61.81 years (2022 est.)
    total population: 57.2 years
    male: 55.1 years
    female: 59.3 years (2018 est.)
    male: 52.7 years (2017 est.)
    female: 51.5 years (2017 est.)
    total population:
      49.06 (2012 est.)
      47.85 (2010 est.)
      33.22 (2005 est.)
      39.47 (2003 est.)

Sex ratio

    at birth: 1.02 (2017, 2003 est.), 1.03 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
    0-14 years: 1.02 (2017 est.), 0.99 male(s)/female (2003, 2000 est.)
    15-24 years: 1.08 (2017 est.)
    25-54 years: 0.66 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
    65 years and over: 0.64 (2017 est.), 0.78 (2003 est.), 0.7 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
    total population: 1 (2017 est.), 0.99 (2003 est.), 0.95 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Education expenditures

7.1% of GDP (2014)

Health expenditures

9.3% of GDP (2014)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

16.5% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

5.8% (2014)

Physicians density

0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Hospital bed density

2.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)

HIV/AIDS

    adult prevalence rate: 27.4% (2017 est.)
    people living with HIV/AIDS: 210,000 (2017 est.)
    deaths: 3,500 (2017 est.)

Major infectious diseases

    degree of risk: intermediate (2020)
    food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
    vectorborne diseases: malaria
    water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

Nationality

noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi

Ethnic groups

Languages

Literacy

    definition: age 15 and over can read and write
    total population: 88.4%
    male: 88.3%
    female: 88.5% (2018)
    total population: 87.5% (2015 est.), 81.6% (2003 est.), 76.7% (1995 est.)
    male: 87.4% (2015 est.), 82.6% (2003 est.), 78% (1995 est.)
    female: 87.5% (2015 est.), 80.8% (2003 est.), 75.6% (1995 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

    total: 13 years
    male: 13 years
    female: 12 years (2013)

See also

Notes

Demographics Of Eswatini  This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.

Tags:

Demographics Of Eswatini PopulationDemographics Of Eswatini Vital statisticsDemographics Of Eswatini Other demographic statisticsDemographics Of EswatiniDemographyEswatiniEthnic groupPopulationPopulation density

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