The demographics of Benin include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Demographics of Benin | |
---|---|
Population | 13,754,688 (2022 est.) |
Growth rate | 3.34% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 41.15 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Death rate | 8.01 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Life expectancy | 62.21 years |
• male | 60.39 years |
• female | 64.14 years |
Fertility rate | 5.43 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | 55.76 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | 0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 45.56% |
65 and over | 2.39% |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.02 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.72 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Beninese |
Language | |
Official | French |
The majority of Benin's 13.3 million people live in the south. The population is young, with a life expectancy of 62 years.
About 42 African ethnic groups live in this country; these various groups settled in Benin at different times and have also migrated within the country. Ethnic groups include:
French is the official language but is spoken more in urban than in rural areas. The literacy rate is 54% among adult males and 31% among adult females as of 2018; these rates are slowly growing.[citation needed] Recent migrations have brought other African nationals to Benin, including Nigerians, Togolese and Malians. The foreign community also includes many Lebanese and Indians involved in trade and commerce. The personnel of the many European embassies, foreign aid missions, nongovernmental organizations and missionary groups account for much of the 5,500 European population.
Several religions are practiced in Benin. Traditional African religions are widespread (50%), and their practices vary from one ethnic group to the other. Arab merchants introduced Islam in the north and among the Yoruba. European missionaries brought Christianity to the south and central areas of Benin. Muslims account for 20% of the population and Christians for 30%. Many nominal Muslims and Christians continue to practice traditional African religion traditions. It is believed that West African Vodun originated in Benin and was introduced to Brazil and the Caribbean Islands by slaves taken from this particular area of the Slave Coast.
According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population of Benin was 12,996,895 in 2021, compared to only 2,255,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 43.7%; 53.3% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3% were of 65 years or older.
Total population | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 2 255 000 | 35.2 | 57 | 7.8 |
1955 | 2 302 000 | 37.0 | 56.6 | 6.3 |
1960 | 2 420 000 | 38.4 | 56.1 | 5.5 |
1965 | 2 602 000 | 40.7 | 54.3 | 5 |
1970 | 2 850 000 | 42.7 | 52.7 | 4.6 |
1975 | 3 182 000 | 44.2 | 51.4 | 4.4 |
1980 | 3 611 000 | 45.2 | 50.7 | 4.0 |
1985 | 4 140 000 | 45.9 | 50.4 | 3.7 |
1990 | 4 773 000 | 46.2 | 50.4 | 3.4 |
1995 | 5 651 000 | 45.5 | 51.3 | 3.1 |
2000 | 6 518 000 | 45.6 | 51.4 | 3.0 |
2005 | 7 634 000 | 44.6 | 52.4 | 3.0 |
2010 | 8 850 000 | 43.7 | 53.3 | 3.0 |
Benin's registration of vital events is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations has prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population censuses.
Population (thousands) | Live births (thousands) | Deaths (thousands) | Natural change (thousands) | CBR | CDR | NC | TFR | IMR | Life expectancy (years) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 2 264 | 92 | 72 | 21 | 40.6 | 31.5 | 9.1 | 5.75 | 210.2 | 34.95 |
1951 | 2 281 | 93 | 72 | 21 | 40.8 | 31.6 | 9.2 | 5.78 | 208.0 | 35.20 |
1952 | 2 298 | 95 | 72 | 22 | 41.1 | 31.4 | 9.8 | 5.83 | 205.4 | 35.47 |
1953 | 2 317 | 96 | 72 | 24 | 41.5 | 31.0 | 10.5 | 5.88 | 203.0 | 35.82 |
1954 | 2 337 | 98 | 72 | 26 | 42.0 | 30.8 | 11.2 | 5.94 | 200.4 | 36.05 |
1955 | 2 360 | 100 | 72 | 28 | 42.4 | 30.4 | 12.0 | 5.99 | 197.7 | 36.39 |
1956 | 2 385 | 103 | 71 | 31 | 42.9 | 29.9 | 13.0 | 6.05 | 195.0 | 36.83 |
1957 | 2 413 | 105 | 72 | 34 | 43.5 | 29.6 | 13.9 | 6.11 | 192.2 | 37.09 |
1958 | 2 443 | 108 | 71 | 36 | 44.0 | 29.2 | 14.8 | 6.17 | 189.4 | 37.48 |
1959 | 2 476 | 111 | 71 | 39 | 44.6 | 28.8 | 15.8 | 6.23 | 186.5 | 37.86 |
1960 | 2 512 | 113 | 72 | 42 | 45.1 | 28.5 | 16.6 | 6.28 | 183.6 | 38.18 |
1961 | 2 551 | 117 | 72 | 46 | 46.0 | 28.1 | 17.8 | 6.40 | 180.5 | 38.54 |
1962 | 2 593 | 120 | 72 | 48 | 46.3 | 27.8 | 18.6 | 6.46 | 177.5 | 38.93 |
1963 | 2 638 | 123 | 72 | 51 | 46.7 | 27.3 | 19.3 | 6.51 | 174.4 | 39.33 |
1964 | 2 686 | 126 | 72 | 54 | 46.9 | 26.9 | 20.0 | 6.57 | 171.3 | 39.76 |
1965 | 2 736 | 129 | 72 | 56 | 47.0 | 26.4 | 20.6 | 6.61 | 168.2 | 40.18 |
1966 | 2 789 | 131 | 72 | 59 | 47.0 | 25.9 | 21.1 | 6.64 | 165.0 | 40.65 |
1967 | 2 844 | 133 | 72 | 61 | 46.8 | 25.4 | 21.4 | 6.65 | 162.0 | 41.06 |
1968 | 2 901 | 136 | 72 | 64 | 46.8 | 24.9 | 21.9 | 6.68 | 159.1 | 41.52 |
1969 | 2 961 | 139 | 73 | 66 | 46.7 | 24.5 | 22.2 | 6.71 | 156.3 | 41.85 |
1970 | 3 023 | 141 | 73 | 68 | 46.7 | 24.1 | 22.6 | 6.74 | 153.7 | 42.19 |
1971 | 3 088 | 144 | 73 | 71 | 46.7 | 23.7 | 23.1 | 6.79 | 151.2 | 42.58 |
1972 | 3 156 | 148 | 73 | 75 | 46.7 | 23.1 | 23.6 | 6.82 | 148.2 | 43.16 |
1973 | 3 227 | 150 | 73 | 77 | 46.5 | 22.6 | 23.9 | 6.83 | 145.3 | 43.60 |
1974 | 3 301 | 153 | 73 | 80 | 46.4 | 22.1 | 24.3 | 6.84 | 142.4 | 44.09 |
1975 | 3 379 | 157 | 73 | 84 | 46.4 | 21.6 | 24.8 | 6.85 | 139.5 | 44.68 |
1976 | 3 460 | 161 | 72 | 88 | 46.3 | 20.9 | 25.5 | 6.86 | 136.5 | 45.49 |
1977 | 3 546 | 164 | 72 | 92 | 46.3 | 20.3 | 26.0 | 6.85 | 133.5 | 46.18 |
1978 | 3 637 | 168 | 71 | 96 | 46.1 | 19.6 | 26.5 | 6.84 | 130.7 | 46.96 |
1979 | 3 732 | 174 | 72 | 102 | 46.5 | 19.3 | 27.2 | 6.91 | 128.1 | 47.36 |
1980 | 3 834 | 180 | 73 | 108 | 47.0 | 18.9 | 28.1 | 6.99 | 125.7 | 47.88 |
1981 | 3 942 | 186 | 73 | 113 | 47.3 | 18.6 | 28.7 | 7.05 | 123.3 | 48.31 |
1982 | 4 054 | 191 | 74 | 117 | 47.2 | 18.2 | 28.9 | 7.05 | 121.2 | 48.81 |
1983 | 4 172 | 195 | 74 | 121 | 46.8 | 17.8 | 29.1 | 7.03 | 119.1 | 49.33 |
1984 | 4 293 | 201 | 75 | 126 | 46.8 | 17.4 | 29.3 | 7.02 | 117.1 | 49.75 |
1985 | 4 420 | 206 | 75 | 131 | 46.6 | 17.0 | 29.6 | 6.99 | 115.2 | 50.37 |
1986 | 4 551 | 211 | 75 | 137 | 46.4 | 16.5 | 30.0 | 6.95 | 113.1 | 51.08 |
1987 | 4 689 | 217 | 75 | 142 | 46.3 | 16.0 | 30.3 | 6.90 | 111.0 | 51.66 |
1988 | 4 832 | 223 | 75 | 147 | 46.0 | 15.5 | 30.5 | 6.85 | 108.8 | 52.29 |
1989 | 4 980 | 227 | 76 | 151 | 45.5 | 15.2 | 30.3 | 6.80 | 106.8 | 52.68 |
1990 | 5 133 | 233 | 76 | 157 | 45.4 | 14.8 | 30.6 | 6.73 | 104.6 | 53.29 |
1991 | 5 293 | 239 | 77 | 162 | 45.1 | 14.5 | 30.7 | 6.67 | 102.6 | 53.62 |
1992 | 5 458 | 244 | 77 | 167 | 44.7 | 14.1 | 30.6 | 6.60 | 100.3 | 54.09 |
1993 | 5 706 | 251 | 77 | 174 | 44.6 | 13.7 | 30.8 | 6.51 | 98.1 | 54.54 |
1994 | 5 923 | 270 | 80 | 190 | 45.3 | 13.5 | 31.8 | 6.41 | 96.0 | 54.91 |
1995 | 6 047 | 267 | 80 | 187 | 44.0 | 13.2 | 30.8 | 6.31 | 94.1 | 55.30 |
1996 | 6 204 | 270 | 80 | 190 | 43.5 | 12.9 | 30.5 | 6.26 | 92.3 | 55.56 |
1997 | 6 387 | 275 | 80 | 195 | 43.0 | 12.6 | 30.4 | 6.20 | 90.5 | 55.98 |
1998 | 6 584 | 280 | 81 | 199 | 42.6 | 12.4 | 30.2 | 6.10 | 88.6 | 56.22 |
1999 | 6 789 | 287 | 82 | 204 | 42.2 | 12.1 | 30.1 | 6.00 | 86.8 | 56.53 |
2000 | 6 998 | 292 | 84 | 208 | 41.7 | 12.0 | 29.7 | 5.89 | 85.0 | 56.58 |
2001 | 7 212 | 298 | 85 | 213 | 41.4 | 11.8 | 29.6 | 5.82 | 83.3 | 56.66 |
2002 | 7 432 | 307 | 87 | 219 | 41.3 | 11.8 | 29.5 | 5.78 | 81.6 | 56.61 |
2003 | 7 659 | 317 | 89 | 228 | 41.4 | 11.6 | 29.8 | 5.77 | 79.9 | 56.74 |
2004 | 7 895 | 325 | 91 | 234 | 41.2 | 11.5 | 29.7 | 5.72 | 78.1 | 56.83 |
2005 | 8 149 | 333 | 92 | 241 | 40.9 | 11.3 | 29.6 | 5.68 | 76.5 | 57.13 |
2006 | 8 403 | 344 | 94 | 250 | 40.9 | 11.1 | 29.8 | 5.64 | 75.0 | 57.46 |
2007 | 8 648 | 350 | 95 | 255 | 40.4 | 11.0 | 29.5 | 5.56 | 73.6 | 57.68 |
2008 | 8 906 | 355 | 96 | 259 | 39.9 | 10.8 | 29.1 | 5.48 | 72.2 | 57.87 |
2009 | 9 173 | 364 | 98 | 265 | 39.6 | 10.7 | 28.9 | 5.44 | 70.9 | 57.96 |
2010 | 9 446 | 372 | 99 | 273 | 39.3 | 10.5 | 28.9 | 5.39 | 69.6 | 58.36 |
2011 | 9 726 | 381 | 101 | 280 | 39.2 | 10.4 | 28.8 | 5.37 | 68.2 | 58.46 |
2012 | 10 014 | 392 | 102 | 289 | 39.1 | 10.2 | 28.9 | 5.35 | 66.9 | 58.72 |
2013 | 10 309 | 404 | 104 | 299 | 39.1 | 10.1 | 29.0 | 5.35 | 65.6 | 58.97 |
2014 | 10 615 | 416 | 106 | 310 | 39.2 | 10.0 | 29.2 | 5.35 | 64.3 | 59.13 |
2015 | 10 933 | 427 | 108 | 319 | 39.0 | 9.9 | 29.2 | 5.32 | 63.1 | 59.38 |
2016 | 11 260 | 438 | 110 | 329 | 38.9 | 9.8 | 29.2 | 5.30 | 61.9 | 59.54 |
2017 | 11 597 | 449 | 111 | 337 | 38.7 | 9.6 | 29.1 | 5.27 | 60.6 | 59.86 |
2018 | 11 941 | 456 | 113 | 343 | 38.2 | 9.4 | 28.8 | 5.20 | 59.3 | 60.14 |
2019 | 12 290 | 463 | 114 | 349 | 37.7 | 9.2 | 28.4 | 5.13 | 57.9 | 60.45 |
2020 | 12 643 | 469 | 118 | 351 | 37.1 | 9.4 | 27.8 | 5.05 | 56.5 | 60.09 |
2021 | 12 997 | 476 | 123 | 353 | 36.6 | 9.4 | 27.2 | 4.97 | 55.0 | 59.82 |
Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 42.2 | 6.32 (5.0) | 37.8 | 5.24 (4.0) | 44.8 | 7.02 (5.6) |
2001 | 41.1 | 5.6 (4.6) | 36.0 | 4.4 (3.6) | 43.8 | 6.4 (53) |
2006 | 41.5 | 5.7 (4.8) | 38.7 | 4.9 (4.1) | 43.0 | 6.3 (5.3) |
2011–12 | 33.3 | 4.9 (4.0) | 33.1 | 4.3 (3.6) | 33.3 | 5.4 (4.4) |
2017–18 | 40.5 | 5.7 (4.9) | 39.1 | 5.2 (4.5) | 41.6 | 6.1 (5.2) |
Fertility data as of 2011-2012 (DHS Program):
Department | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 |
---|---|---|---|
Alibori | 5.8 | 15.0 | 6.4 |
Atacora | 5.8 | 9.1 | 6.0 |
Atlantique | 5.1 | 9.2 | 4.8 |
Borgou | 5.2 | 9.3 | 5.2 |
Collines | 4.7 | 8.1 | 5.8 |
Couffo | 5.1 | 11.7 | 6.0 |
Donga | 4.7 | 11.0 | 6.0 |
Littoral | 3.6 | 6.3 | 3.4 |
Mono | 4.6 | 10.8 | 4.7 |
Ouémé | 5.2 | 10.0 | 5.1 |
Plateau | 5.3 | 7.3 | 4.9 |
Zou | 5.0 | 10.2 | 5.1 |
Period | Life expectancy in years |
---|---|
1950–1955 | 33.72 |
1955–1960 | 36.13 |
1960–1965 | 38.42 |
1965–1970 | 40.87 |
1970–1975 | 43.48 |
1975–1980 | 46.22 |
1980–1985 | 48.30 |
1985–1990 | 51.92 |
1990–1995 | 55.14 |
1995–2000 | 54.96 |
2000–2005 | 56.18 |
2005–2010 | 58.56 |
2010–2015 | 59.93 |
There are several dozen ethnolinguistic groups in Benin, representing three of Africa's language families: Niger–Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Afroasiatic. The latter is represented by Hausa, living mostly as merchants in the north, while Nilo-Saharan is represented by the Dɛndi people, descending from the Songhai Empire. The Songhay language Dɛndi predominates along the Niger River in the far north, and is used as a lingua franca in Muslim areas throughout the north, in Alibori, Borgou, and Donga provinces. Of the Niger–Congo family, five branches are represented:
The largest ethnic group are the Fon, with 1.7 million speakers of the Fon language (2001), followed by the various Yoruba groups (1.2 million), the Aja (600,000), the Bariba (460,000), the Ayizo (330,000), the Fulani (310,000), and the Gun (240,000). Near the ports in the south can be found many people who are descended from returned Brazilian slaves. There are also small numbers of Europeans, principally French, and people from the western Asia, mainly Lebanese, and East Asia, chiefly Indians.
White Beninese people are people who are of French, Portuguese, Dutch, British, Italian, German, Latin American, Russian, and Scandinavian descent. Notable Europeans include:
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2021.
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Muslim 27.7%, Roman Catholic 25.5%, Protestant 13.5% (Celestial 6.7%, Methodist 3.4%, other Protestant 3.4%), Vodoun 11.6%, other Christian 9.5%, other traditional religions 2.6%, other 2.6%, none 5.8% (2013 est.)
English demonym and adjective:
French demonym and adjective:
Over 50 languages are spoken in Benin. The official language is French. Of the many indigenous African languages, Fon and Yoruba are the most important in southern Benin. In the north there are at least six major languages, including Baatonum and Fulani.
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2009 edition.) and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.
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