Alutiiq Language

The Alutiiq language (also called Sugpiak, Sugpiaq, Sugcestun, Suk, Supik, Pacific Gulf Yupik, Gulf Yupik, Koniag-Chugach) is a close relative to the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language spoken in the western and southwestern Alaska, but is considered a distinct language.

It has two major dialects:

Alutiiq
Pacific Gulf Yupik
Sugt’stun, Alutiit’stun
Native toUnited States
Regioncoastal Alaska (Alaska Peninsula to Prince William Sound)
Ethnicity3,500 Alutiiq people (2010)
Native speakers
80 (2020)
Early forms
Latin
Official status
Official language in
Alaska
Language codes
ISO 639-3ems
Glottologpaci1278
ELPAlutiiq
Alutiiq Language
Pacific Gulf Yupik is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

The ethnonyms of the Sugpiaq-Alutiiq are a predicament. Aleut, Alutiiq, Sugpiaq, Russian, Pacific Eskimo, Unegkuhmiut, and Chugach Eskimo are among the terms that have been used to identify this group of Native people living on the Lower Kenai Peninsula of Alaska.

About 400 of the Alutiiq population of 3,000 still speak the Alutiiq language. Alutiiq communities are currently in the process of revitalizing their language. In 2010 the high school in Kodiak responded to requests from students and agreed to teach the Alutiiq language. The Kodiak dialect of the language was spoken by only about 50 persons, all of them elderly, and the dialect was in danger of being lost entirely. As of 2014, Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage is offering classes using the "Where Are Your Keys?" technique.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular
plain lab. plain lab.
Nasal voiceless ŋ̊
voiced m n ŋ
Stop/Affricate p t t͡ʃ k q
Fricative voiceless f s x χ χʷ
voiced ɣ ɣʷ ʁ ʁʷ
lateral ɬ
Approximant l j w

Consonants may be double and have geminated sounds (e.g. kk; [kː]). More consonants /ɾ~r, lʲ, rʲ/ can only be found in loanwords.

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid ə
Open a

All vowels except for /ə/, are considered as full vowels, distinguished with vowel length. /ə/ does not lengthen, nor occurs into vowel clusters, but may tend to be devoiced as /ə̥/ next to other consonants.

Orthography

  • a - [ä]
  • c - [t͡ʃ]
  • e - [ə]
  • f - [f]
  • g - [x]
  • gw - [xʷ]
  • hm - []
  • hn - []
  • hng - [ŋ̊]
  • i - [i]
  • k - [k]
  • kw - [kʷ]
  • l - [l]
  • ll - [ɬ]
  • m - [m]
  • n - [n]
  • ng - [ŋ]
  • p - [p]
  • q - [q]
  • r - [χ]
  • ʀ - [r]
  • s - [s]
  • t - [t]
  • u - [u]
  • w - [w]
  • y - [j]

After voiceless consonants, the voiceless nasals are written without h-.

Other letters

  • aa - [aː]
  • ai - [ai]
  • au - [au]
  • ia - [ia]
  • ii - [iː]
  • iu - [iu]
  • ua - [ua]
  • ui - [ui]
  • uu - [uː]

Vocabulary comparison

The comparison of number terms and month names in the two dialects:

English Koniag Alutiiq Chugach Alutiiq
Nanwalek &
Port Graham
Chenega
1 allringuq / allriluq allringuq all'inguq
2 mal'uk malruk / mall'uk atel'ek
3 pingayun pinga'an
4 staaman
5 talliman
6 arwilgen arwinlen
7 mallrungin mallruungin maquungwin
8 inglulgen inglulen
9 qulnguyan qulnguan
10 qulen
English Koniag Alutiiq Chugach Alutiiq
January Cuqllirpaaq Iraluq
February Nanicqaaq Iraluq Yaʼalungia'aq
March Kaignasqaq Iraluq Ya'alullraaq
April Uqna'isurt'sqaaq Iraluq Saqulegciq
May Nikllit Iraluat Maniit Ya'allua
June Naut'staat Iraluat Iqallugciq
July Amartut Iraluat . .
August Alaganat Iraluat Uksuam Ya'allua
September Qakiiyat Iraluat Alusastuam Ya'allua
October Kakegllum Iralua .
November Quyawim Iralua Kapkaanam Ya'allua
December Qanim Iralua .
English Koniag Alutiiq Chugach Alutiiq

References

Further reading

This article uses material from the Wikipedia English article Alutiiq language, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
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Tags:

Alutiiq Language PhonologyAlutiiq Language OrthographyAlutiiq Language Vocabulary comparisonAlutiiq Language Further readingAlutiiq LanguageAlaskaCentral Alaskan Yup'ik language

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