841

By place

Europe

• June 25 – Battle of Fontenay: Frankish forces of Emperor Lothair I, and his nephew Pepin II of Aquitaine, are defeated by allied forces of King Louis the German, and his half-brother Charles the Bald, at Fontenoy (Eastern France), in a civil war among the three surviving sons of the former emperor Louis the Pious. A total of 40,000 men are killed, including the Frankish nobles Gerard of Auvergne and Ricwin of Nantes, fighting on the side of Charles.
• Summer – Vikings sail up the River Seine and devastate the city of Rouen in Normandy. They burn the Benedictine monastery of Jumièges Abbey; 68 captives are taken, and returned on payment of a ransom, by the monks of St. Denis.

Ireland

• The town of Dyflin (meaning "Black Pool") or Dublin (modern Ireland) is founded by Norwegian Vikings, on the south bank of the River Liffey. The settlement is fortified with a ditch and an earth rampart, with a wooden palisade on top. The Norsemen establish a wool weaving industry, and there is also a slave trade. An artificial hill is erected, where the nobility meets to make laws and discuss policy.

Byzantine Empire

• Constantine Kontomytes, Byzantine general (strategos) of the Thracesian Theme, inflicts a severe defeat on the Cretan Saracens. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force, to raid the monastic community near Mount Latros (modern Turkey).
• Venice sends a fleet of 60 galleys (each carrying 200 men) to assist the Byzantines in driving the Arabs from Crotone, but the attack fails. Muslim troops conquer the city of Brindisi (approximate date).

Abbasid Caliphate

• A pro-Umayyad rebellion, led by al-Mubarqa in Palestine, breaks out against caliph al-Mu'tasim of the Abbasid Caliphate (ending in 842).

Asia

• In the Chinese capital of Chang'an, the West Market (and East Market) are closed every night one hour and three quarters before dusk (by government order); the curfew is signaled by the sound of 300 beats to a loud gong. After the official markets have been closed for the night, small night markets in residential areas thrive with plenty of customers, despite government efforts to shut them down. With the decline of the government's authority (by mid 9th century), this edict (like many others) is largely ignored, as urban dwellers keep attending the night markets regardless.

• Bernard Plantapilosa, Frankish nobleman (d. 886)
• Boso of Provence, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
• Du Rangneng, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 893)
• Edmund the Martyr, king of East Anglia (approximate date)
• Heiric of Auxerre, Frankish theologian and writer (d. 876)
• Pei Shu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 905)
• Remigius of Auxerre, Frankish scholar (approximate date)

• June 25 – Gerard of Auvergne, Frankish nobleman
• June 25 – Ricwin of Nantes, Frankish nobleman
• October 14 – Shi Yuanzhong, Chinese governor
• Arnulf of Sens, illegitimate son of Louis the Pious
• Guifeng Zongmi, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 780)
• Jang Bogo, Korean maritime hegemon (or 846)
• Jonas of Orléans, Frankish bishop
• Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin, Muslim general
• Langdarma, emperor of Tibet (b. 799)
• Li Ao, Chinese philosopher and prose writer (b. 772)
• Yunyan Tansheng, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 780)