2022 United States House Of Representatives Elections

Representatives were elected from all 435 U.S. congressional districts across each of the 50 states to serve in the 118th United States Congress, as well as 5 non-voting members of the U.S. House of Representatives from the District of Columbia and four of the five inhabited insular areas. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the 2022 U.S. Senate elections and the 2022 U.S. gubernatorial elections, were also held simultaneously. This was the first election after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections

← 2020 November 8, 2022 2024 →
All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Kevin McCarthy Nancy Pelosi Party Republican Democratic Leader since January 3, 2019 January 3, 2003 Leader's seat California 20th California 11th Last election 213 seats, 47.2% 222 seats, 50.3% Seats before 212 220 Seats won 222 213 Seat change 9 9 Popular vote 54,506,136 51,477,313 Percentage 50.6% 47.8% Swing 3.4% 2.5%
Results      Democratic gain      Republican gain      Democratic hold      Republican hold
Speaker before election Nancy Pelosi Democratic Elected Speaker Kevin McCarthy Republican

The Republican Party, led by Kevin McCarthy, won control of the House, defeating Nancy Pelosi and the Democratic Party, which had held a majority in the House since 2019, as a result of the 2018 elections. Although most observers and pundits predicted large Republican gains, they instead narrowly won 4 seats over the 218 seats needed for a majority, as Democrats won several upsets in districts considered Republican-leaning or won by Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, such as Washington's 3rd congressional district. Republicans also won some upsets in districts that Joe Biden won by double-digits, including New York's 4th congressional district. Observers attributed Democrats' surprise over-performance to, among other factors, the issue of abortion in the United States after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, and the underperformance of multiple statewide and congressional Republican candidates who held extreme views, including refusal to accept the party's 2020 electoral loss. On the other hand, Democrats' political prospects were weighed down by the 2021–2023 inflation surge, which Republicans blamed on President Biden and the Democratic-controlled Congress. The elections marked the first time since 1875 that Democrats won all districts along the Pacific Ocean. This was the first time since 2004 that Republicans gained House seats in consecutive elections.

Gerrymandering during the 2020 U.S. redistricting cycle had a significant impact on the 2022 election results. Republicans made gains as a result of gerrymandering in Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, and Texas, while Democrats made gains as a result of gerrymandering in Illinois, New Mexico, and Oregon. Defensive gerrymanders helped both parties hold competitive seats in various states, while Republican gains in New York and Democratic gains in North Carolina and Ohio were made possible because their state supreme courts overturned gerrymanders passed by their state legislatures.

The narrow margin by which Republicans won their House majority resulted in historic legislative difficulties in the 118th Congress. Due to a number of Republican holdouts affiliated with the conservative House Freedom Caucus, McCarthy wasn’t elected Speaker of the House until the 15th round of voting, thus marking the first time since 1923 that a speaker was not elected in the first round.

As the usage of mail-in voting has increased in U.S. elections, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, the results in some congressional races were not known immediately following the election, which was more competitive and closer than expected, as a widely predicted red wave election did not materialize. Instead, Democrats lost fewer seats than expected at less than 10 and fewer than the average (25) for the president's party since the end of World War II. Several tossup or lean Republican races were won by Democrats, including upsets in Colorado's 8th, North Carolina's 13th, and Washington's 3rd congressional districts; the Washington 3rd's seat was particularly notable because the Cook Political Report had labeled the district as lean Republican and FiveThirtyEight had Marie Gluesenkamp Perez's chance of winning at 2-in-100. Democrats also narrowly missed a further upset for the Colorado's 3rd seat held by Republican Lauren Boebert; it was so close that it needed a recount.

Democrats performed better than expected in states like Ohio and Pennsylvania, benefitting from a coattail effect, and performed well in Colorado and New England but suffered losses in New York. In Florida and New York, Republicans achieved state-specific red waves, and red states became redder. Gerrymandering during the 2020 U.S. redistricting cycle gave each party advantages in various states; due to advantageous maps, Republicans performed well or made gains in Florida, Georgia, Texas, and Tennessee, and Democrats made gains in Illinois and New Mexico. As of November 10, 14 seats were flipped, with Republicans gaining 11 of them for a net gain of 8 seats; Republicans needed to maintain a net gain of at least 5 seats to regain the House. Republicans won the popular vote by a 3 percent margin and would have won it even if Democrats had contested more seats than they did, which may have cost them about 1–2 percent in the final popular vote margin. According to Harry Enten of CNN, the final popular vote margin was the second-closest midterm margin for a U.S. House election in the last 70 years.

The unprecedented degree of Republican underperformance during the election defied election analysts' predictions of heavy gains, given that while a majority of voters trusted Democrats on abortion, they were disappointed with the performance of Joe Biden and Democrats on issues facing the country, such as the economy and inflation, crime, and immigration. This has been variously attributed by political commentators to the issue of abortion after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade in June 2022; candidate quality among Republicans who held extremist or unpopular views, such as denial of the 2020 U.S. presidential election results; and youth turnout, among others. According to Ron Brownstein of CNN in 2023, exit polls showed that House Democrats won independent voters by 2 percentage points, making it the first time the party holding the White House did so in a midterm election since at least 1982.

Biden described the results as a "strong night" for Democrats, and he urged for cooperation in Congress. Senator Lindsey Graham commented: "It's certainly not a red wave, that's for darn sure. But it is clear that we will take back the House." On November 9, when the results for the House were still uncertain, the Republican House leader Kevin McCarthy launched his bid to succeed long-time House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. In a letter asking for support among Republicans, he wrote: "I trust you know that earning the majority is only the beginning. Now, we will be measured by what we do with our majority. Now the real work begins."

Control of the House would not be known until November 16, when it became clear that the Republican Party had won a majority of the House after Mike Garcia was projected to win reelection in California's 27th congressional district, giving Republicans a total of at least 218 seats; their majority was to be narrow. The size of the majority remained in doubt with several races still to be called more than one week after Election Day. On November 17, after Republicans were projected to win back the House, Pelosi announced that she would not seek reelection as Speaker of the House, and Hakeem Jeffries was later selected as the Democratic nominee by acclamation. On November 15, McCarthy won an internal Republican caucus poll as the party's nominee for Speaker of the House; as several members of the Republican caucus did not vote for him and had expressed opposition to his speakership, it cast doubt on how the 2023 U.S. speaker election, which began on January 3, would unfold. McCarthy's speaker bid was the first of a party leader since 1923 that did not succeed on the first ballot.

Federal

The 2022 election results are compared below to the 2020 election. The table does not include blank and over or under votes, both of which were included in the official results.

Parties		Popular vote			Seats
		Vote	%	Change	2020	2022	+/−	Strength
	Republican Party	54,227,992	50.01%	+2.78%	213	222	9	51.0%
	Democratic Party	51,280,463	47.29%	–2.97%	222	213	9	49.0%
	Libertarian Party	724,264	0.67%	–0.05%	—	—	—	—
	Independent	515,322	0.47%	+0.19%	—	—	—	—
	Green Party	69,802	0.06%	=	—	—	—	—
	Constitution Party	29,886	0.03%	–0.02%	—	—	—	—
	Other parties	1,481,822	1.37%	+0.08%	—	—	—	—
	Write-ins	113,836	0.10%	=	—	—	—	—
Totals		108,443,387	100.00%	—	435	435		100.00%
Source: [1] Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk

Per state

State	Total seats	Republican		Democratic
		Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	7	6		1
Alaska	1	0	1	1	1
Arizona	9	6	2	3	2
Arkansas	4	4		0
California	52	12	1	40	2
Colorado	8	3		5	1
Connecticut	5	0		5
Delaware	1	0		1
Florida	28	20	4	8	3
Georgia	14	9	1	5	1
Hawaii	2	0		2
Idaho	2	2		0
Illinois	17	3	2	14	1
Indiana	9	7		2
Iowa	4	4	1	0	1
Kansas	4	3		1
Kentucky	6	5		1
Louisiana	6	5		1
Maine	2	0		2
Maryland	8	1		7
Massachusetts	9	0		9
Michigan	13	6	1	7
Minnesota	8	4		4
Mississippi	4	3		1
Missouri	8	6		2
Montana	2	2	1	0
Nebraska	3	3		0
Nevada	4	1		3
New Hampshire	2	0		2
New Jersey	12	3	1	9	1
New Mexico	3	0	1	3	1
New York	26	11	3	15	4
North Carolina	14	7	1	7	2
North Dakota	1	1		0
Ohio	15	10	2	5	1
Oklahoma	5	5		0
Oregon	6	2	1	4
Pennsylvania	17	8	1	9
Rhode Island	2	0		2
South Carolina	7	6		1
South Dakota	1	1		0
Tennessee	9	8	1	1	1
Texas	38	25	2	13
Utah	4	4		0
Vermont	1	0		1
Virginia	11	5	1	6	1
Washington	10	2	1	8	1
West Virginia	2	2	1	0
Wisconsin	8	6	1	2	1
Wyoming	1	1		0
Total	435	222	9	213	9

Maps

•  
  House seats by party holding majority in state
•  
  Popular vote by states
•  
  Net changes to U.S. House seats after the 2022 elections
       +1 Dem House seat      +2 Dem House seats
       +1 Rep House seat      +2 Rep House seats
       +3–4 Rep House seats
       Republicans lost 1 seat due to reapportionment
•  
  District results by vote share

 

In total, 49 representatives and one non-voting delegate (30 Democrats and 20 Republicans) retired, 17 of whom (nine Democrats and eight Republicans) sought other offices.

Democrats

Republicans

Three seats were left vacant on the day of the general election due to resignations or death in 2022, two of which were not filled until the next Congress.

Democrats

Two Democrats resigned before the end of their terms.

1. Florida 13: Charlie Crist resigned August 31 to run for governor of Florida.
2. Florida 23: Ted Deutch resigned September 30 to become CEO of the American Jewish Committee.

Republicans

One Republican died in office.

1. Indiana 2: Jackie Walorski died August 3. A special election to fill the remainder of her term was held concurrently with the general election for the next full term.

Fourteen incumbents lost renomination in the primary elections and nine incumbents lost reelection in the general elections.

In primary elections

Democrats

Six Democrats, three of whom were freshmen, lost renomination.

1. Georgia 7: Carolyn Bourdeaux (first elected in 2020) lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Lucy McBath, who won the general election.
2. Illinois 6: Marie Newman (first elected in 2020) lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Sean Casten, who won the general election.
3. Michigan 11: Andy Levin (first elected in 2018) lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Haley Stevens, who won the general election.
4. New York 10: Mondaire Jones (first elected in 2020) sought nomination in a new district and lost to Dan Goldman, who won the general election.
5. New York 12: Carolyn Maloney (first elected in 1992) lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Jerry Nadler, who won the general election.
6. Oregon 5: Kurt Schrader (first elected in 2008) lost renomination to Jamie McLeod-Skinner, who lost the general election to Lori Chavez-DeRemer.

Republicans

Eight Republicans, two of whom were freshmen, lost renomination.

1. Illinois 15: Rodney Davis (first elected in 2012) lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Mary Miller, who won the general election.
2. Michigan 3: Peter Meijer (first elected in 2020) lost renomination to John Gibbs, who lost the general election to Hillary Scholten.
3. Mississippi 4: Steven Palazzo (first elected in 2010) lost renomination to Mike Ezell, who won the general election.
4. North Carolina 11: Madison Cawthorn (first elected in 2020) lost renomination to Chuck Edwards, who won the general election.
5. South Carolina 7: Tom Rice (first elected in 2012) lost renomination to Russell Fry, who won the general election.
6. Washington 3: Jaime Herrera Beutler (first elected in 2010) lost renomination to Joe Kent (R) and Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (D) in the blanket primary, with Gluesenkamp Perez defeating Kent in the general election.
7. West Virginia 2: David McKinley (first elected in 2010) lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Alex Mooney, who won the general election.
8. Wyoming at-large: Liz Cheney (first elected in 2016) lost renomination to Harriet Hageman, who won the general election.

In general elections

Democrats

Six Democrats lost re-election to Republicans.

1. Arizona 2: Tom O'Halleran (first elected in 2016) lost to Eli Crane.
2. Florida 2: Al Lawson (first elected in 2016) lost a redistricting race to incumbent Republican Neal Dunn.
3. Iowa 3: Cindy Axne (first elected in 2018) lost to Zach Nunn.
4. New Jersey 7: Tom Malinowski (first elected in 2018) lost to Thomas Kean Jr.
5. New York 17: Sean Patrick Maloney (first elected in 2012) lost to Mike Lawler.
6. Virginia 2: Elaine Luria (first elected in 2018) lost to Jen Kiggans.

Republicans

Three Republicans, two of whom were freshmen, lost re-election to Democrats.

1. New Mexico 2: Yvette Herrell (first elected in 2020) lost to Gabe Vasquez.
2. Ohio 1: Steve Chabot (first elected in 1994, and then re-elected in 2010 after losing in 2008) lost to Greg Landsman.
3. Texas 34: Mayra Flores (first elected in 2022) lost a redistricting race to incumbent Democrat Vicente Gonzalez.

The 2020 United States census determined how many of the 435 congressional districts each state receives for the 2020 redistricting cycle. Due to population shifts, California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia each lost one seat. Conversely, Colorado, Florida, Montana, North Carolina, and Oregon each gained one seat; and Texas gained two seats.

Seats with multiple incumbents running

The following districts had multiple incumbent representatives running, a product of multiple districts merging in redistricting.

1. Florida 2: Neal Dunn (R) defeated Al Lawson (D)
2. Georgia 7: Lucy McBath (D) defeated Carolyn Bourdeaux (D)
3. Illinois 6: Sean Casten (D) defeated Marie Newman (D)
4. Illinois 15: Mary Miller (R) defeated Rodney Davis (R)
5. Michigan 11: Haley Stevens (D) defeated Andy Levin (D)
6. New York 12: Jerry Nadler (D) defeated Carolyn Maloney (D)
7. Texas 34: Vicente Gonzalez (D) defeated Mayra Flores (R)
8. West Virginia 2: Alex Mooney (R) defeated David McKinley (R)

Of the 435 districts created in the 2020 redistricting, eighteen had no incumbent representative.

This is a list of House seats where the winner of the 2020 presidential election and the incumbent in the district were from different parties. The results for the 2020 elections accounted for redistricting, and was representative of the new district boundaries.

Democratic

This is a list of districts that voted for Trump in 2020, but had a Democratic incumbent:

1. Alaska at-large (Trump +10.1, Mary Peltola (D) won re-election)
2. Arizona 2 (Trump +7.9, Tom O'Halleran (D) lost re-election)
3. Iowa 3 (Trump +0.3, Cindy Axne (D) lost re-election)
4. Maine 2 (Trump +6.1, Jared Golden (D) won re-election)
5. Ohio 9 (Trump +2.9, Marcy Kaptur (D) won re-election)
6. Pennsylvania 8 (Trump +2.9, Matt Cartwright (D) won re-election)

Republican

This is a list of districts that voted for Biden in 2020, but had a Republican incumbent:

1. Arizona 1 (Biden +1.5, David Schweikert (R) won re-election)
2. California 22 (Biden +12.9, David Valadao (R) won re-election)
3. California 27 (Biden +12.4, Mike Garcia (R) won re-election)
4. California 40 (Biden +1.9, Young Kim (R) won re-election)
5. California 45 (Biden +6.2, Michelle Steel (R) won re-election)
6. Nebraska 2 (Biden +6.3, Don Bacon (R) won re-election)
7. New Mexico 2 (Biden +5.9, Yvette Herrell (R) lost re-election)
8. Ohio 1 (Biden +8.5, Steve Chabot (R) lost re-election)
9. Pennsylvania 1 (Biden +4.6, Brian Fitzpatrick (R) won re-election)
10. Texas 34 (Biden +15.7, Mayra Flores (R) lost re-election)

Seventy-four races were decided by 10% or lower.

In February 2022, The Guardian reported that "America is poised to have a staggeringly low number of competitive seats in the US House, an alarming trend that makes it harder to govern and exacerbates political polarization." The 2020 redistricting cycle resulted in 94% of the U.S. House running in relatively safe seats, often due to gerrymandering.

There were nine special elections in 2022 to the 117th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.

 

 

California lost its 53rd district following the 2020 census.

 

Colorado gained its 8th district following the 2020 census.

 

Florida gained its 28th district following the 2020 census.

District		Incumbent				Candidates
Location	2022 PVI	Member	Party	First elected	Status
Florida 1	R+19	Matt Gaetz	Republican	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Matt Gaetz (Republican) 67.9% ▌Rebekah Jones (Democratic) 32.1%
Florida 2	R+8	Neal Dunn	Republican	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Neal Dunn (Republican) 59.8% ▌Al Lawson (Democratic) 40.2%
		Al Lawson Redistricted from the 5th district	Democratic	2016	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss.
Florida 3	R+9	Kat Cammack	Republican	2020	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Kat Cammack (Republican) 62.5% ▌Danielle Hawk (Democratic) 36.3% ▌Linda Brooks (independent) 1.2%
Florida 4	R+6	None (new district)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌ Y Aaron Bean (Republican) 60.5% ▌LaShonda Holloway (Democratic) 39.5%
Florida 5	R+11	John Rutherford Redistricted from the 4th district	Republican	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y John Rutherford (Republican) 100%
Florida 6	R+14	Michael Waltz	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Michael Waltz (Republican) 75.3% ▌Joe Hannoush (Libertarian) 24.7%
Florida 7	R+5	Stephanie Murphy	Democratic	2016	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Cory Mills (Republican) 58.5% ▌Karen Green (Democratic) 41.5%
Florida 8	R+11	Bill Posey	Republican	2008	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Bill Posey (Republican) 64.9% ▌Joanne Terry (Democratic) 35.1%
Florida 9	D+8	Darren Soto	Democratic	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Darren Soto (Democratic) 53.6% ▌Scotty Moore (Republican) 46.4%
Florida 10	D+14	Val Demings	Democratic	2016	Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌ Y Maxwell Frost (Democratic) 59.0% ▌Calvin Wimbish (Republican) 39.4% ▌Jason Holic (Independent) 1.0% ▌Usha Jain (Independent) 0.6%
Florida 11	R+8	Daniel Webster	Republican	2010	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Daniel Webster (Republican) 63.1% ▌Shante Munns (Democratic) 35.4% ▌Kevin Porter (Independent) 1.5%
Florida 12	R+17	Gus Bilirakis	Republican	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Gus Bilirakis (Republican) 70.4% ▌Kimberly Walker (Democratic) 29.6%
Florida 13	R+6	Vacant			Rep. Charlie Crist (D) resigned August 31, 2022, to run for governor of Florida. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Anna Paulina Luna (Republican) 53.1% ▌Eric Lynn (Democratic) 45.1% ▌Frank Craft (Libertarian) 1.8%
Florida 14	D+8	Kathy Castor	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Kathy Castor (Democratic) 56.9% ▌James Judge (Republican) 43.1%
Florida 15	R+4	None (new district)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌ Y Laurel Lee (Republican) 58.5% ▌Alan Cohn (Democratic) 41.5%
Florida 16	R+7	Vern Buchanan	Republican	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Vern Buchanan (Republican) 62.2% ▌Jan Schneider (Democratic) 37.8%
Florida 17	R+10	Greg Steube	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Greg Steube (Republican) 63.8% ▌Andrea Kale (Democratic) 35.5% ▌Theodore Murray (Independent) 0.6%
Florida 18	R+13	Scott Franklin Redistricted from the 15th district	Republican	2020	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Scott Franklin (Republican) 74.7% ▌Keith Hayden (Independent) 25.3%
Florida 19	R+13	Byron Donalds	Republican	2020	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Byron Donalds (Republican) 68.0% ▌Cindy Banyai (Democratic) 32.0%
Florida 20	D+25	Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick	Democratic	2022 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (Democratic) 72.3% ▌Drew-Montez Clark (Republican) 27.7%
Florida 21	R+7	Brian Mast Redistricted from the 18th district	Republican	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Brian Mast (Republican) 63.5% ▌Corinna Balderramos Robinson (Democratic) 36.5%
Florida 22	D+7	Lois Frankel Redistricted from the 21st district	Democratic	2012	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Lois Frankel (Democratic) 55.1% ▌Daniel Franzese (Republican) 44.9%
Florida 23	D+5	Vacant			Rep. Ted Deutch (D; redistricted from the 22nd district) resigned September 30, 2022, to become CEO of the AJC. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌ Y Jared Moskowitz (Democratic) 51.6% ▌Joe Budd (Republican) 46.8% ▌Christine Scott (Independent) 1.1% ▌Mark Napier (Independent) 0.5%
Florida 24	D+25	Frederica Wilson	Democratic	2010	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Frederica Wilson (Democratic) 71.8% ▌Jesus Navarro (Republican) 28.2%
Florida 25	D+9	Debbie Wasserman Schultz Redistricted from the 23rd district	Democratic	2004	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democratic) 55.1% ▌Carla Spalding (Republican) 44.9%
Florida 26	R+8	Mario Díaz-Balart Redistricted from the 25th district	Republican	2002	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Mario Díaz-Balart (Republican) 70.9% ▌Christine Olivo (Democratic) 29.1%
Florida 27	EVEN	María Elvira Salazar	Republican	2020	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y María Elvira Salazar (Republican) 57.3% ▌Annette Taddeo (Democratic) 42.7%
Florida 28	R+2	Carlos A. Giménez Redistricted from the 26th district	Republican	2020	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Carlos A. Giménez (Republican) 63.7% ▌Robert Asencio (Democratic) 36.3%

 

Illinois lost its 18th district following the 2020 census.