12Th Dalai Lama

Trinley Gyatso
Title	12th Dalai Lama
Personal
Born	(1856-12-28)28 December 1856 Lhoka, Ü-Tsang, Tibet, Qing Dynasty
Died	25 April 1875(1875-04-25) (aged 18) Lhasa, Tibet, Qing Dynasty
Religion	Tibetan Buddhism
Senior posting
Period in office	1860–1875
Predecessor	Khedrup Gyatso
Successor	Thubten Gyatso
Chinese name
Chinese	成烈嘉措
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Chénglìe Jiācuò
Tibetan name
Tibetan	འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།
Transcriptions Wylie 'phrin las rgya mtsho Tibetan Pinyin Chinlai Gyaco

His short life coincided with a time of major political unrest and wars among Tibet's neighbours. Tibet particularly suffered from the weakening of the Qing Dynasty which had previously provided it with some support against the British Empire, which was aiming to influence Tibet as an expansion from its colonisation of India.

He was recognised as a reincarnation of the Dalai Lama in 1858 and enthroned in 1860. During his period of training as a child, Tibet banned Europeans from entering the country because of wars Britain was fighting against Sikkim and Bhutan, both of whom were controlled to a considerable degree by the lamas in Lhasa. These wars were seen as efforts to colonise Tibet—something seen as unacceptable by the lamas. Also, with missionaries threatening to enter Tibet via the Mekong and Salween Rivers, Tibetans tried to emphasize the Qing Dynasty's authority over Tibet in the 1860s.

Trinley Gyatso was fully enthroned as Dalai Lama on 11 March 1873 but could not stamp his full authority on Tibet because he died of a mysterious illness on 25 April 1875.

"During the period of the short-lived Dalai Lamas—from the Ninth to the Twelfth incarnations—the Panchen was the lama of the hour, filling the void left by the four Dalai Lamas who died in their youth."