Republic O The Fowk O Cheena: State in East Asie

Wi a population o mair nor 1.3 billion fowk, the FRC is the maist populous kintra in the warld.

Fowkrepublic o Cheenae 中华人民共和国 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
Banner Naitional Emblem
Anthem:  《义勇军进行曲》 Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ  (Pinyin) "Mairch o the Volunteers"
Aurie controlled bi the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae shawn in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shawn in licht green.
Caipital	Beijing 39°55′N 116°23′E / 39.917°N 116.383°E / 39.917; 116.383
Lairgest ceety	Shanghai
Offeecial leids	Staundart Cheenese
Recognised regional leids	Mongolian Tibetan Uyghur Zhuang various ithers
Offeecial written leid	Vernacular Cheenese
Offeecial script	Semplifee'd Cheenese
Ethnic groups	91.51% Han 55 minorities 1.30% Zhuang 0.86% Manchu 0.79% Uyghur 0.79% Hui 0.72% Miao 0.65% Yi 0.62% Tujia 0.47% Mongol 0.44% Tibetan 0.26% Buyei 0.15% Korean 1.05% ithers
Demonym(s)	Cheenese
Govrenment	Single-pairty socialist republic
• Preses	Xi Jinping
• Premier	Li Qiang
• Congress Chairman	Zhang Dejiang
• Conference Chairman	Yu Zhengsheng
Legislatur	Naitional Fowk's Congress
Formation
• Unification o Cheenae unner the Qin Dynasty	221 BCE
• Republic established	1 Januar 1912
• Fowkrepublic proclaimed	1 October 1949
Aurie
• Total	9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi) (3rd/4t)
• Water (%)	0.28%
Population
• 2019 estimate	1,400,050,000 (1st)
• 2010 census	1,340,910,000 (1st)
• Density	145/km2 (375.5/sq mi) (83rd)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$29.471 trillion (1st)
• Per capita	$20,984 (67t)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Tot	$15.269 trillion (2nt)
• Per capita	$10,872 (67t)
Gini (2018)	46.7 heich
HDI (2018)	0.758 heich · 85t
Currency	Renminbi (yuan)(¥) (CNY)
Time zone	UTC+8 (Cheenae Staundart Time)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE-1949)
Drivin side	richt
Cawin code	+86
Internet TLD	.cn .中國 .中国

The Communist Pairty o Cheenae (CPC) haes led the FRC unner a ae-pairty seestem syne the kintra's foondin in 1949. Mauger this, naur hauf the FRC's economy haes been privatised in the bygane three decades unner "Socialism wi Cheenese chairacteristics." Durin the 1980s, thir economic reforms helpit lift millions o fowk oot o puirtith, bringin the poverty rate doun tae 12% frae the oreeginal ae-third o the population (China’s Institutional and Structural fault lines, that cites World Bank, 1992, p. 4 as the reference). Houaniver, acause o this mixin o mercat an planned economies, the FRC is faced wi a nummer o problems associate wi ilkane, includin unemployment an increasin rural/urban income gap. Mauger failins, greater prosperity haes led tae growin Cheenese global influence in economic, poleetical, meelitary, scieentific, technological, an cultural affairs.

In an ongaun dispute, the FRC claims suyerainty ower Taiwan an some naurby islands, that's been actually controllt bi the Republic o Cheenae syne 1949. The FRC threaps that the Republic o Cheena is an illegeetimate an supplantit entity an admeenistratively categorizes Taiwan as a province o the FRC. The term "mainlaund China" is whiles uised tae denote the aurie unner FRC owerins, but for normal excludin the twa Speicial Administrative Regions, Hong Kong an Macau.

• Name

The wird "China" his been yaised in Englis since the 16th centurie; hooever, it wasnae a wird used by the Cheenese theresels at this time. Hits origin has been traced through Portuguese, Malay, and Persian back to the Sanskrit wird Cīna, used in ancient India.

"China" appears in Richard Eden's 1555 owersett o the 1516 journal o the Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa. Barbosa's yaisage wis derivit fae Persian Chīn (چین), which wis in turn derivit from Sanskrit Cīna (चीन). Cīna was first used in early Hindu scripture, including the Mahābhārata (5th century bce) and the Laws o Manu (2nd century bce). In 1655, Martino Martini suggested that the wird China is derivit ultimately fae the name o the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE). Although this derivation is still gien in various sources, the origin o the Sanskrit wird is a matter of debate, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. Alternative suggestions include the names for Yelang and the Jing or Chu state.

The official name o the modern state is the "Fowksrepublic o Cheenae" (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó). The shorter form is "Cheenae" Zhōngguó (中国; 中國) fae 'zhōng' ("central") and 'guó' ("state"), a term which developed durin the Western Zhou dynasty in reference tae its royal demesne. It was then applied tae the area around Luoyi (present-day Luoyang) during the Eastern Zhou and then to China's Central Plain afore being yaised as an occasional synonym fir the state under the Qing. It was often used as a cultural concept to distinguish the Huaxia fowk fae perceived "barbarians". The name Zhongguo is also translated as "Middle Kingdom" in English.