Afrika Ƒe Yame Ƒe Nɔnɔme

Afrika ƒe yame ƒe nɔnɔme nye yame ƒe nɔnɔme vovovowo abe yame ƒe nɔnɔme si le equatorial, yame ƒe nɔnɔme si me tsidzadza kple kuɖiɖi le, yame ƒe nɔnɔme si me tsidzadza le, yame ƒe nɔnɔme si me tsi medzana le o (dzogbe afã kple gbedadaƒo), dzogbe ƒe yame ƒe nɔnɔme (kuɖiɖi kple kuɖiɖi) . , yame ƒe nɔnɔme si fa miamiamia le teƒe siwo xɔ dzo, kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme si le togbɛwo dzi. Yame ƒe nɔnɔme si fa miamiamia mebɔ le anyigbagã la katã dzi o negbe le teƒe kɔkɔ ŋutɔwo kple eƒe golɔgoewo ko. Le nyateƒe me la, yame ƒe nɔnɔme trɔna le Afrika le tsidzadza ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nu wu dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽna ɣesiaɣi. Afrika dzogbewoe nye anyigbagã la ƒe akpa siwo ŋdɔ ʋuna le wu eye woƒuna wu, le esi togbɛ si le teƒe xɔdzowo si me ya si le ɖiɖim, si le dzo dam, eye wòƒuna la bɔ ta. Dzoxɔxɔ ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi geɖe le Afrika: anyigbagã lae nye nuto si keke ta si xɔ dzo wu le ƒe bliboa me, nuto siwo me yame xɔa dzo wu le dzomeŋɔli, ɣe ƒe keklẽ didi wu, kple bubuwo.

Le Afrika ƒe nɔƒe le equatorial kple subtropical latitudewo dzi le dziehe kple anyiehe siaa ta la, woate ŋu akpɔ yame ƒe nɔnɔme vovovo geɖe le eme. Anyigbagã la le nuto si me dzoxɔxɔ le dome koŋ le Kansa ƒe Dzoxɔxɔ kple Capricorn ƒe Dzoxɔxɔ dome, eyatae fafa ƒe ʋeʋẽ dodzidzɔname dodzidzɔname aɖe le eme ɖo. Tsidzadza ƒe sesẽme nɔa anyi ɣesiaɣi, eye enye anyigbagã si dzi dzoxɔxɔ le. Yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ kple dzoxɔxɔ bɔ ɖe Afrika katã, gake dziehe gome ƒe akpa gãtɔ nyea kuɖiɖi kple dzoxɔxɔ gã. Mediterranea-ƒua ƒe yame ƒe nɔnɔme le anyigbagã la ƒe dziehe kple anyiehe gome ko. Equator la to Afrika ƒe titina, eye nenema kee nye Tropic of Cancer kple Tropic of Capricorn, si wɔe be Afrika nye anyigbagã si xɔ dzo wu.

Kpɔ hã: (Subtropical ridge)

Ɣleti sia ɣleti ƒe gota kple xɔme yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ le mama dedie nu kple suetɔ kekeake le Afrika katã Le xexeame katã la, anyigba ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si te ɖe ɣetoɖoƒenutome ŋu hea ʋuʋu yi dzi kple yaƒoƒo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ gã aɖe vɛ le tsidzadza ƒe tsidzɔƒe alo Intertropical Convergence Zone. Mamã si le tsidzɔƒe si gogo ɣetoɖoƒenutome la dzi nana ya dona eye wòdzona le ɣetoɖoƒenutome si le dziƒo la gbɔ. Ne ele yiyim ɖo ta Mid-Latitudes la, ya fa eye wònyrɔna, si wɔnɛ be wòɖiɖina le anyigba ƒe akpa eveawo ƒe parallel 30 lia gbɔ. Woyɔa ʋu ƒe sisi sia be Hadley lãmenugbagbevi eye wòhea togbɛ si le teƒe xɔdzowo ƒe wɔwɔme vɛ.[2] Yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ ƒe nuto siawo gbɔe xexeame ƒe dzogbe geɖewo tsona, siwo dome Sahara Dzogbe hã le.

Yame xɔa dzo wu le Sahara nuto siwo nye Algeria kple Mali me,[4] eye ​​wòfa wu le dzigbe gome kple le kɔkɔƒe le anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme me le anyigbagã la ƒe ɣedzeƒe kple dzieheɣetoɖoƒe ƒe akpawo. Dzoxɔxɔ si xɔ dzo wu le mama dedie nu le Anyigba dzi enye Dallol, Ethiopia, si ƒe dzoxɔxɔ le mama dedie nu nye 33.9 °C (93.0 °F) le ƒe bliboa me.[5] Dzoxɔxɔ si xɔ dzo wu ɖesiaɖe si woŋlɔ ɖi le Afrika, si hã nye xexeame ƒe nuŋlɔɖi, enye 57.8 °C (136.0 °F) le ‘Aziziya, Libya, le September 13, 1922. Emegbe wova ɖo kpe esia dzi be alakpae, elabena wokpɔe tso a dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu. Le nyateƒe me la, teƒe si dzoxɔxɔ le wu le xexeame enye Ku Bali, le California.[6][7][8] Dzoxɔxɔ si dzena, ne wotsɔ dzoxɔxɔ kple fafa ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ƒo ƒu, le Eritrea Ƒudzĩa ƒe ƒuta kple Somalia ƒe Aden-ƒuta le 57 °C (135 °F) va ɖo 63 °C (145 °F) le ŋdɔ me gaƒoƒoawo me. [4] . Dzoxɔxɔ si bɔbɔ wu le Afrika me enye −24 °C (−11 °F) le Ifrane, Morocco, le February 11, 1935 dzi.[9] Ke hã, dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽ ŋutɔ le Afrika ƒe akpa gãtɔ le ƒea ƒe akpa gãtɔ me, vevietɔ dzogbewo, dzogbenyigbawo, gbedadaƒo kple gbedadaƒo. Woate ŋu aʋli nya be Afrika-dzogbewoe nye teƒe siwo dzoxɔxɔ le wu le Anyigba dzi, vevietɔ Sahara Dzogbe kple Danakil Dzogbe, si le Afrika ƒe Dzogoe.

Ya Nyati vevitɔ: Afrika ƒe ɣedzeƒe yameʋu Wobu Afrika ƒe ɣedzeƒe yameʋu ƒe tɔsisi si le bɔbɔe be ewɔa akpa vevi aɖe le Afrika ƒe dzigbeɣetoɖoƒe tsidzadza me,[10] eye ​​wòkpena ɖe ame ŋu wòwɔa ƒutsotsoe xɔdzo siwo zɔna toa Atlantik-ƒua ƒe ɣedzeƒe kple Pasifik ƒe ɣedzeƒekpa dzi le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo me. 11] . Jet la ɖea barotropic kple baroclinic ƒe malikenyenye siaa fiana, si naa synoptic-scale, si kaka ɖe ɣetoɖoƒe gome ƒe tɔtɔ le yameʋua me si woyɔna be Afrika ƒe ɣedzeƒe ƒutsotsoewo, alo tropical waves. Ahom ƒe ɖoɖo ʋɛ aɖewo siwo le ƒutsotsoe siawo me siwo le ƒutsotsoe siawo me la va zua ahom sesẽ siwo le teƒe xɔdzowo ne woʋu tso ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika yi Atlantik-ƒua dzi, vevietɔ le August kple September me. Ne yameʋua mlɔ dzigbe gome le Atlantik-ƒua ƒe ahomya ƒe ɣeyiɣia ƒe ɣleti siwo me ahom sesẽwo dzana le wu me la, wotsia ahom sesẽ siwo le teƒe xɔdzowo ƒe wɔwɔ nu.[12]

Tsidzadza ƒe nɔnɔmetata si le mama dedie nu Kpɔ hã: ==Tsidzaɣi== Dzogbe ƒe yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ koŋue le Dziehe Afrika kple Anyiehe Afrika kpakple Afrika ƒe Dzogoe bliboa me, alo yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si me dzoxɔxɔ le afã kple afã na teƒe siwo tsi dzana wu. Sahara Dzogbe si le Dziehe Afrika nye dzogbe si xɔ dzo wu le xexeame eye wònye teƒe siwo dzoxɔxɔ le wu, kuɖiɖi wu eye ŋdɔ ʋuna wu le Anyigba dzi la dometɔ ɖeka. Dzogbe ƒe akpa aɖe ƒe gbedadaƒo (nuto si me tsi medzana le o) si woyɔna be Sahel le Sahara ƒe dzigbe gome tututu, evɔ Afrika ƒe dzigbe gome wu la, gbedadaƒo gbadza eveawo siaa le eme, eye avetsu (aveve) siwo me tsi dzana le ŋutɔ le eƒe titina. Equatorial nuto si te ɖe Intertropical Convergence Zone ŋue nye anyigbagã la ƒe akpa si tsi dza wu. Ƒe sia ƒe la, tsidzadza ƒe alidziblanu si le anyigbagã la dzi la ʋuna yia dziehe gome yia Afrika Sahara ƒe anyiehe le August me, emegbe egatrɔna yia dzigbe gome yia Afrika ƒe dzigbe titina le March me.[13] Nuto siwo ƒe yame ƒe nɔnɔme nyea gbedadaƒo le Afrika Sahara ƒe anyiehe, abe Ghana, Burkina Faso,[14][15] Darfur,[16] Eritrea,[17] Ethiopia,[18] kple Botswana ene la, tsidzaɣi to vovo.[19] El Nino na be kuɖiɖi wu alesi wòle dzɔdzɔmee le Anyiehe Afrika tso December vaseɖe February, eye tsidzadza wu alesi wòle le Ɣedzeƒe Afrika le ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me.

Le Madagascar la, asitsatsa ƒe yawo hea tsi yia ƒukpoa ƒe ɣedzeƒekpa dzi, si woƒona ɖe anyigba abe tsidzadza ene, eye wòhea ya si ɖiɖina wu vaa nuto siwo le dzigbe kple ɣetoɖoƒe gome, si wɔnɛ be ƒukpoa ƒe ɣetoɖoƒekpawo nɔa tsidzadza ƒe vɔvɔli me. Esia wɔnɛ be tsidzadza geɖe ŋutɔ le Madagascar ƒe dzieheɣedzeƒekpawo dzi wu eƒe dzigbeɣetoɖoƒekpawo.[21] Tsidzadza ƒe akpa gãtɔ dzana le Anyiehe Afrika tso ahom sesẽ siwo ƒona le dzomeŋɔli me eye ahom sesẽ siwo tso teƒe siwo xɔ dzo le gota siwo zɔna to Ɣetoɖoƒeya la gbɔ. Zi ɖeka le ƒe ewo me la, ahom sesẽ siwo tu le teƒe xɔdzowo hea tsidzadza si gbɔ eme vɛ le nutoa me godoo.[22]

Sno le Atlas Towo dzi le Morocco Sno nye nusi dzɔna ƒe sia ƒe kloe le South Africa ƒe to aɖewo dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Cedarberg kple Ceres siwo ƒo xlãe le Anyieheɣetoɖoƒe Cape, kple Drakensberg le Natal kple Lesotho. Tiffendell Modzakaɖeƒe, si le Drakensberg, koe nye asitsaƒe si wowɔa tsikpedzifefewɔƒe le South Africa, eye "snowɔwɔ ƒe ŋutete deŋgɔ" le esi si na woate ŋu aƒu tsikpe ɣleti etɔ̃ le ƒea me.[23] South Africa ƒe Todzi Habɔbɔ (MCSA) kple Cape Town Yunivɛsiti ƒe Todzihabɔbɔ (MSC)[24] siaa si tsikpedzixɔ siwo me nuwo le le Hex Tɔsisi towo dzi. Ski-ƒoƒo si me snodzizɔzɔ le Cape hã le nye nusi dzɔna ŋutɔ, le ɣeyiɣi si me sno dzana, kple ne sno sɔ gbɔ be wòatsyɔ kpeawo dzi siaa gome.

Table Mountain xɔa sno ƒe ke sue aɖe le Front Table la dzi eye le Devil’s Peak hã dzi ƒe ʋee aɖewo ɖesiaɖe. Sno dza le Table Mountain dzi le 20 September 2013;[25] 30 August 2013;[26] 5 August 2011;[27] kple le 15 June 2010.[28]

Sno nye nusi mebɔ o si dzɔna le Johannesburg; edze anyi le May 1956, August 1962, June 1964, September 1981, August 2006, eye le June 27, 2007 dzi,[29] eƒo ƒu va ɖo sentimeta 10 (3.9 in) le dzigbe gome.

Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, sno dzana edziedzi le Atlas To siwo le Maghreb. Sno dzana edziedzi le Kenya To kple Kilimanjaro To dzi le Tanzania hã.

Tsikpe siwo nɔa anyi ɖaa le Rwenzori Towo dzi, le Uganda kple Democratic Republic of the Congo ƒe liƒo dzi. Gake kaka ƒe 2010 ƒeawo naɖo la, tsikpeawo nɔ megbe yim, eye wole ŋɔdzi me be yewoabu to dzoxɔxɔ si le dzi yim me.[30]

Akpa sia nye nya aɖe si woɖe tso Yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ le Afrika me.[edit]

Nɔnɔmetata si ɖe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ fia le Afrika le ƒe 1901 kple 2021 dome, eye amadede dzĩ xɔ dzo eye blɔ fa wu le mama dedie nu (woɖo dzoxɔxɔ le mama dedie nu le ƒe 1971–2000 me be wòanye liƒo le amadede blɔ kple dzĩ dome). Yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ le Afrika nye afɔku gã aɖe si le dzidzim ɖe edzi elabena Afrika le anyigbagã siwo dzi yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe nugbegblẽ le bɔbɔe wu la dome.[31][32][33] Nyatakakatsoƒe aɖewo gɔ̃ hã bu Afrika be enye "anyigbagã si dzi woate ŋu adze afɔku le wu le Anyigba dzi".[34][35] Nu vovovowoe ʋãa afɔku sia si dometɔ aɖewoe nye tɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu ƒe ŋutete si gbɔdzɔ, ŋuɖoɖo ɖe lãwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ƒe adzɔnuwo ŋu vevie hena agbemenuhiahiãwo, kple agbledede ƒe nuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo mede ŋgɔ boo o.[36] Afɔku siwo yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ate ŋu ado tso agbledede, nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ, tsi ƒe nunɔamesiwo kple lãwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ŋuti dɔwɔnawo me la anya gblẽ nu le amewo ƒe agbe kple ŋgɔyiyi si li tegbee ƒe mɔkpɔkpɔwo ŋu vevie wu le Afrika.[37] Le kakaɖedzi gã aɖe me la, IPCC gblɔe le ƒe 2007 me be le Afrika dukɔ kple nuto geɖewo me la, agbledede ƒe wɔwɔ kple nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ anya gblẽ vevie le yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ta.[38] Afɔku sia dzi kpɔkpɔ bia be woatsɔ mɔnu siwo woatsɔ aɖe edzi akpɔtɔ kple tɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu awɔ ɖeka le lãwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ ƒe adzɔnuwo kple dɔwɔnawo dzikpɔkpɔ me, kple agbledede ƒe nuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo le Afrika.

Le ƒe bla nane siwo gbɔna me la, wole mɔ kpɔm be dzoxɔxɔ atso yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ gbɔ le Anyigba ƒe akpa sia akpa kloe, eye tsidzadza ƒe mama dedie le xexeame katã adzi ɖe edzi.[40] Fifia la, Afrika le dzo dam kabakaba wu xexeame ƒe akpa mamlɛa le mamã dedie nu. Anyigbagã la ƒe akpa gãwo ate ŋu ava zu afisi womate ŋu anɔ o le yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi kabakaba ta, si akpɔ ŋusẽ gbegblẽ ɖe amegbetɔwo ƒe lãmesẽ, nuɖuɖu ƒe dedienɔnɔ, kple ahedada dzi.[41][42][43] Wole mɔ kpɔm be nutome ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe tsidzadza dzi le teƒe xɔdzowo atrɔ le teƒe xɔdzowo wu eye zi geɖe la, kakaɖedzi menɔa tɔtrɔ ƒe dzesi le teƒe ɖeka ɖesiaɖe ŋu o, togbɔ be wole mɔ kpɔm na tɔtrɔwo hã. Le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple esia la, zi geɖe la, anyigba ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si wokpɔ la dzi ɖe edzi le Afrika tso ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe nuwuwu vaseɖe ƒe alafa 21 lia ƒe gɔmedzedze abe 1 °C ene, gake le nutoa me la, ede 3 °C na dzoxɔxɔ suetɔ kekeake le Sahel le kuɖiɣia ƒe nuwuwu. Tsidzadza ƒe nɔnɔme siwo wokpɔ ɖee fia be teƒe kple ɣeyiɣi ƒe vovototowo le abe alesi wokpɔ mɔe ene. Tɔtrɔ siwo wokpɔ le dzoxɔxɔ kple tsidzadza me la toa vovo le nuto vovovowo me.

Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Kenya toa yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo bɔbɔe ŋutɔ. Yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe afɔku vevitɔwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye kuɖiɖi kple tsiɖɔɖɔ eye dɔ siwo wɔm wole fifia gblɔ be tsidzadza asẽ wu eye womate ŋu agblɔe ɖi o. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, akɔntabubu bubuwo gblɔ be yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ adzi ɖe edzi 0.5 va ɖo 2 °C.[47] Le dugã me nɔnɔ siwo me amewo sɔ gbɔ ɖo le Nairobi, Kenya la, nɔnɔme siwo me amewo nɔna le ɖoɖo nu alo "xɔmanyamanyawo" ate ŋu ana yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ kple afɔku si dona tso afɔku me ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo nagado gã ɖe edzi.[48] Vevietɔ la, zi geɖe la, agbenɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo le nuto gã siwo womewɔ le ɖoɖo nu o me hea "yame ƒe nɔnɔme sue" si me dzoxɔxɔ le wu vɛ zi geɖe le aƒewo tutunuwo, ya ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ, teƒe damawo ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ, kple elektrikŋusẽ kple dɔwɔna bubuwo ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ta.[49] Be woaɖe afɔku siwo do ƒome kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ dzi akpɔtɔ le nuto siawo siwo womewɔ le ɖoɖo nu o me la, anye vevie be woado nuto siawo ɖe ŋgɔ to dugãwo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi ƒe nudede eme siwo wotu hena yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo me.

Le agbagbadzedze be woatrɔ asi le nɔnɔmewo ŋu gome la, nutome ƒe dɔwɔlawo le ŋgɔyiyi aɖewo wɔm. Esia lɔ nutome yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe mɔnu geɖewo wɔwɔ kple wo dzi wɔwɔ ɖe eme[50] e.g. SADC ƒe Ðoɖowɔɖigbalẽ Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme ƒe Tɔtrɔ,[51] kple tɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ na tsi ƒe dɔwɔƒea.[52] Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, wodze agbagba bubuwo be woana yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, abe Ðoɖo si ku ɖe Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme ƒe Trɔtrɔ ɖe Nɔnɔme Ŋu, Ðeɖekpɔkpɔ le Ɣedzeƒe kple Anyiehe Afrika (COMESA-EAC-SADC) ene.

Abe dukɔ 55 ƒe habɔbɔ si de ŋgɔ wu dukɔwo ene la, Afrika Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔa tsɔ taɖodzinu 47 kple afɔɖeɖe siwo sɔ ɖe enu la do ŋgɔ le ƒe 2014 ƒe nyatakaka si woŋlɔ[54] me be woatsɔ awɔ avu kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ le anyigbagã la dzi ahaɖe edzi akpɔtɔ. Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔlagã hã gblɔ be ehiã be woawɔ nu aduadu kplikplikpli kple Afrika Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ be woakpɔ yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ gbɔ, le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi si li tegbee ƒe taɖodzinuwo. Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo bu akɔnta be ne míebu anyigbagã la dzi ƒe amewo ƒe dzidziɖedzi ŋu la, ahiã be woadzɔ ga si nye dɔlar triliɔn 1.3 ƒe sia ƒe be woatsɔ aɖo Ŋgɔyiyi si Li Eteƒe Didi ƒe Taɖodzinuwo gbɔ le Afrika. Dukɔwo Dome Ganyawo Gbɔkpɔha hã bu akɔnta be dɔlar biliɔn 50 ate ŋu ahiã be woatsɔ axe yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu ƒe gazazãwo ko.[55][56][57] Woka nya ta le IPCC ƒe Numekuku ƒe Nyatakaka Adelia ƒe ta 9 lia me be togbɔ be ya siwo gblẽa nu le anyigba ŋu ƒe dodo le esiwo mebɔ o wu le Afrika dome hã la, yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ si amegbetɔwo hena vɛ la de gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ afɔku me vevie. Amewo toa nuɖuɖu ƒe veve si gbɔ eme, ame gbogbo siwo kuna, nu gbagbe ƒomevi vovovowo ƒe bu, kple bubuwo le xexeame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ta. Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, le ganyawo ƒe dɔwɔnawo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ kple dzidziɖedzi kple gazazã ƒe sɔsɔmasemase ta la, ŋutete si le ame si be wòatrɔ ɖe nɔnɔme siawo ŋu hã dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna.

Kpɔe hã South Africa ƒe yame ƒe nɔnɔme Anyigba dzi tsidzadza ƒe yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti nunya