This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template.
This template is used on approximately ३,५३०,००० pages, or roughly 17042% of all pages. To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
This template is used by the standard installation of AutoWikiBrowser (AWB). If you are planning to make changes to this template, how it should be used, or nominate it for deletion, please notify AWB's user base and maintainers beforehand at Wikipedia talk:AWB as a courtesy. |
This template uses Lua: |
{{Cite arXiv}} | arXiv preprints |
---|---|
{{Cite AV media}} | audio and visual media |
{{Cite AV media notes}} | AV media liner notes |
{{Cite bioRxiv}} | bioRxiv preprints |
{{Cite book}} | books and chapters |
{{Cite citeseerx}} | CiteSeerX papers |
{{Cite conference}} | conference papers |
{{Cite encyclopedia}} | edited collections |
{{Cite episode}} | radio or TV episodes |
{{Cite interview}} | interviews |
{{Cite journal}} | academic journals |
{{Cite magazine}} | magazines, periodicals |
{{Cite mailing list}} | public mailing lists |
{{Cite map}} | maps |
{{Cite news}} | news articles |
{{Cite newsgroup}} | online newsgroups |
{{Cite podcast}} | podcasts |
{{Cite press release}} | press releases |
{{Cite report}} | reports |
{{Cite serial}} | audio or video serials |
{{Cite sign}} | signs, plaques |
{{Cite speech}} | speeches |
{{Cite ssrn}} | SSRN papers |
{{Cite techreport}} | technical reports |
{{Cite thesis}} | theses |
{{Cite web}} | web sources not covered by the above |
See also | Specific-source templates Wrapper templates |
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn=
have upper case aliases like |ISBN=
, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.
For references with author credit
For references without author credit
|
{{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} |
|
Vertical list | Prerequisites | Brief instructions / notes |
---|---|---|
{{cite web |url= |url-access= |title= |last= |first= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |orig-year= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |agency= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |ref= |postscript=}} | last last last2 editor-last editor-last editor2-last url url url, archive-date archive-url | required required |
Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use {{cite web}} or {{cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.
As of 29 July 2016, {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences:
|issue=
and |volume=
parameters while {{cite web}} does not (See Help:Citation Style 1 § Pages; see also {{cite magazine}}.)But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:
cite web: | Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. |
cite news: | Silverman, Dwight. "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows", Houston Chronicle, Hearst Corporation, July 15, 2011. |
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/ |title=NFL Rules Digest |website=NFL Football Operations |publisher=[[National Football League]] |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
When this template detects a link whose URL includes an extension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of PDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if |format=PDF
had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit |format=PDF
parameter would be redundant, so it is not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (ref))
{{cite web |url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
If the link is to a PDF file that is not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter |format=PDF
, which displays " (PDF)" after the link.
{{cite web |url=http://www.sample.com/somePDFdocument.000 |title=Some PDF Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=PDF |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an .odt file, you may add the parameter |format=ODT
, which displays " (ODT)" after the link.
{{cite web |url=http://www.sample.com/someODTdocument.odt |title=Some ODT Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=ODT |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४ |language=French |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४ |language=Greek}}
|url-status=dead
and the main link is to the archive: {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}}
|url-status=live
, the main link is to the original: {{cite web |url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm |title=Interview with Maggie Downs |date=March 31, 2006 |publisher=The Desert Sun |url-status=live |archive-url=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm |archive-date=April 26, 2006}}
|url-status=unfit
or usurped
, the original is not linked at all: {{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४ |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archive-date=19 May 2011}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |date=2008 |access-date=२१ अप्रिल २०२४ |quote=... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'}}
... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).
This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata.
As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:|date=27 September 2007
not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
, –
, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup ''
(italic font) or '''
(bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.
Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies.
|periodical=
, |journal=
, |newspaper=
, |magazine=
, |work=
, |website=
, |encyclopedia=
, |encyclopaedia=
, |dictionary=
|chapter=
, |contribution=
, |entry=
, |article=
, |section=
|title=
|publication-place=
, |publicationplace=
, |place=
, |location=
|date=
, |year=
, |publication-date=
, |publicationdate=
|series=
, |version=
|volume=
, |issue=
, |number=
|page=
, |pages=
, |at=
|edition=
|publisher=
, |distributor=
, |institution=
|url=
, |chapter-url=
, |chapterurl=
, |contribution-url=
, |contributionurl=
, |section-url=
, |sectionurl=
|author#=
, |author-last#=
, |author#-last=
, |last#=
, |surname#=
|author-first#=
, |author#-first=
, |first#=
, |given#=
|isbn=
, |issn=
, |doi=
, |pmc=
, etc.Parameter | New or changed param |
---|---|
|sbn= | identifier parameter for Standard Book Numbers |
|s2cid= | identifier parameter for Semantic Scholar corpus ID |
|s2cid-access= | access-icon parameter for |s2cid= |
Deprecated parameter | Replace with |
---|---|
none deprecated at present |
|author=Bono
). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1. |first1=...
|last1=...
|author2=...
.vanc
and when the list uses last
/first
parameters for the name list(s).|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.))
|vauthors=
as described above
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | | |
{{bracket|text}} | {{pipe}} – |
|template-doc-demo=true
to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.|language=fr, pt-br
or |language=French, Portuguese
. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, use of language codes is preferred so that languages render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of 'Spanish'. Aliases: lang{{sfn}}
links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.. c.
", like this: |date=c. 1900
.|date=n.d.
|date=
, |access-date=
, |archive-date=
, etc.) in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template. See those templates' documentation for details.|date=
is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met: |date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD.CITEREF
disambiguator.|orig-year=First published 1859
or |orig-year=Composed 1904
. Alias: origyear}}dmy
– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy
– as above for month day, year formatymd
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all
– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all
– as above for month day, year formatymd-all
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD{{cite journal}}
and {{cite magazine}}
): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field. |page=
or |pages=
, but not both. Displays preceded by p.
unless |nopp=y
. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12
), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12
to |pages=3{{ndash}}12
.|page=
or |pages=
, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp.
unless |nopp=y
. |pages=
without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
. Alternatively, use |at=
, like this: |at=pp. 3-1–3-15
. p.
or pp.
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover
or |pages=passim
.|page=
or |pages=
. Use only one of |page=
, |pages=
, or |at=
.#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com; use |isbn=
or |oclc=
to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message. {{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.|url-status=live
) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl. {{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Alias: archivedate.|url-status=dead
. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live
; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit
or |url-status=usurped
suppresses display of the original URL (but |url=
and |archive-url=
are still required).|template-doc-demo=true
to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated. Alias: no-cat.URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http://
and https://
will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://
, gopher://
, irc://
, ircs://
, mailto:
and news:
may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20
. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
sp | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%20 | %22 | %27 | %3c | %3e | %5b | %5d | %7b | %7c | %7d |
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the given ID
(the id=
attribute in the citation's ID">
HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID
identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv
has no special meaning; |ref=harv
may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none
. Aliases: none. |id=NCJ 122967
will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}}
to append NCJ 122967 instead.These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822
or |pmc=345678
.
When an URL is equivalent to the link produced by the corresponding identifier (such as a DOI), don't add it to any URL parameter but use the appropriate identifier parameter, which is more stable and may allow to specify the access status. The |url=
parameter or title link can then be used for its prime purpose of providing a convenience link to an open access copy (as in, at least accessible to everyone for free) which would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
|arxiv=hep-th/9205027
(before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001
(April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001
(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.|asin=B00005N5PF
. Aliases: ASIN. au
, br
, ca
, cn
, co.jp
, co.uk
, de
, es
, fr
, it
, mx
. Aliases: none.1974AJ.....79..819H
. Aliases: none.078733
for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/078733). Aliases: none.10.1.1.176.341
for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.10.1038/news070508-7
. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.
). Aliases: DOI. |eissn=1557-2986
. Aliases: EISSN.|hdl=20.1000/100
. Aliases: HDL.978-0-8126-9593-9
. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN, isbn13, ISBN13. |ignore-isbn-error=true
parameter can be used to disable the checksum check in these cases. If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the ISBN instead of overriding the error message. Aliases: ignoreisbnerror.979-0-9016791-7-7
. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.|issn=2049-3630
. Aliases: ISSN.|jfm=53.0144.01
. Aliases: JFM.|jstor=3793107
will generate JSTOR 3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.|lccn=2004042477
. Aliases: LCCN.|mr=630583
. Aliases: MR.|oclc=9355469
. Aliases: OCLC.|ol=7030731M
. Aliases: OL.|osti=4367507
. Aliases: OSTI.|pmc=345678
. Do not include "PMC" in the value. . Aliases: PMC. |pmid=17322060
Aliases: PMID.|rfc=3143
. Aliases: RFC.|sbn=356-02201-3
. Aliases: SBN.|ssrn=1900856
. Aliases: SSRN.|s2cid=37220927
. Aliases: S2CID.|zbl=0472.53010
For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02
use |jfm=35.0387.02
. Aliases: ZBL.|editor-first1=...
|editor-last1=...
|editor2=...
.vanc
and when the list uses last
/first
parameters for the name list(s)|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.))
|veditors=
, as described above|mode=cs1
, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.
); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2
, element separator is a comma (,
); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.{{reflist}}
,
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=
) to apply the mask to a specific name.|display-authors=2
will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed. |display-authors=etal
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayauthors.|display-editors=2
will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal
displays all editors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayeditors. &
) when set to y
, yes
, or true
. Example: |last-author-amp=yes
.
); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none
– leaving |postscript=
empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text or templates beyond the terminating punctuation may generate an error message. |postscript=
is ignored if quote is defined.Four access levels can be used:
free
: the source is free to read for anyoneregistration
: a free registration is required to access the sourcelimited
: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this sourcesubscription
: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription ("paywall")As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, these values are attributed to a particular external link.
Sources linked by |url=
, |article-url=
, |chapter-url=
, |contribution-url=
, |entry-url=
, |map-url=
, and |section-url=
are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free
.
url | access | allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|url= | |url-access= | registration limited subscription |
|article-url= | |article-url-access= | |
|chapter-url= | |chapter-url-access= | |
|contribution-url= | |contribution-url-access= | |
|entry-url= | |entry-url-access= | |
|map-url= | |map-url-access= | |
|section-url= | |section-url-access= |
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as limited
, registration
, or subscription
.
identifier | access | allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|bibcode= | |bibcode-access= | free |
|doi= | |doi-access= | |
|hdl= | |hdl-access= | |
|jstor= | |jstor-access= | |
|ol= | |ol-access= | |
|osti= | |osti-access= | |
|s2cid= | |s2cid-access= |
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named-identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters, the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
|arxiv=
|biorxiv=
|citeseerx=
|pmc=
|rfc=
|ssrn=
TemplateData for Cite web
Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.
मापदण्ड | विवरण | प्रकार | स्थिति | |
---|---|---|---|---|
URL | url URL | The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."
| String | आवश्यक |
Title | title | The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website. | String | आवश्यक |
Last name | last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | रेखा | सुझावित |
First name | first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | रेखा | सुझावित |
Author link | authorlink author-link subjectlink subject-link authorlink1 author-link1 author1-link subjectlink1 author1link subject-link1 subject1-link subject1link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Authors list | authors people host credits | List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used. | String | वैकल्पिक |
Last name 2 | last2 author2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
First name 2 | first2 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Author link 2 | authorlink2 author2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Source date | date | Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink | मिति | सुझावित |
Year of publication | year | Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with CITEREF in CS2 or Harvard citations | String | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name | editor-last editor1-last editor editors | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name | editor-first editor1-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first' | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link | editor-link editor1-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name 2 | editor2-last editor2 | The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name 2 | editor2-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link 2 | editor2-link editor2link editorlink2 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Name of the website | website work | Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases.
| String | सुझावित |
Series identifier | series | Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal | String | वैकल्पिक |
Publisher | publisher | Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases.
| String | वैकल्पिक |
Location of publication | location | Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place' | String | वैकल्पिक |
Page | page | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | String | वैकल्पिक |
Pages | pages | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.' | String | वैकल्पिक |
At | at | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | String | वैकल्पिक |
Language | language lang | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name or one of the standard MediaWiki language codes; do not use icons or templates; separate multiple languages with commas (with no 'and' before the last one)
| String | वैकल्पिक |
Script title | script-title | For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:... | String | वैकल्पिक |
Translated title | trans-title | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | String | वैकल्पिक |
Type | type | Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case | String | वैकल्पिक |
Format | format | Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | String | वैकल्पिक |
Others | others | Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith' | String | वैकल्पिक |
Original year | orig-year origyear | Original year of publication; provide specifics | String | वैकल्पिक |
Place of publication | publication-place | Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' | String | वैकल्पिक |
Publication date | publication-date | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink | String | वैकल्पिक |
Published via | via | Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work. GitHub, SourceForge, CodePlex, YouTube, Vimeo, Dailymotion and Netflix are examples of service dedicated to acting on behalf of the publisher, but Archive.org, Wiki Commons and grc.com have done this on certain occasions.
| String | वैकल्पिक |
No pp | nopp | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') | String | वैकल्पिक |
arXiv identifier | arxiv | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | String | वैकल्पिक |
ASIN | asin | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | String | वैकल्पिक |
ASIN TLD | asin-tld | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | String | वैकल्पिक |
Bibcode | bibcode | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | String | वैकल्पिक |
biorXiv | biorxiv | biorXiv identifier; 6 digits | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
CiteSeerX | citeseerx | CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
DOI | doi | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | String | वैकल्पिक |
DOI broken date | doi-broken-date | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken | String | वैकल्पिक |
ISBN | isbn | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | String | वैकल्पिक |
ISSN | issn | International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen | String | वैकल्पिक |
jfm code | jfm | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | String | वैकल्पिक |
JSTOR | jstor | JSTOR identifier | String | वैकल्पिक |
LCCN | lccn | Library of Congress Control Number | String | वैकल्पिक |
MR | mr | Mathematical Reviews identifier | String | वैकल्पिक |
OCLC | oclc | Online Computer Library Center number | String | वैकल्पिक |
OL | ol | Open Library identifier | String | वैकल्पिक |
OSTI | osti | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | String | वैकल्पिक |
PMC | pmc | PubMed Center article number | String | वैकल्पिक |
PMID | pmid | PubMed Unique Identifier | String | वैकल्पिक |
RFC | rfc | Request for Comments number | String | वैकल्पिक |
SSRN | ssrn | Social Science Research Network | String | वैकल्पिक |
Zbl | zbl | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | String | वैकल्पिक |
id | id | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | String | वैकल्पिक |
URL access level | url-access | Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited') | String | वैकल्पिक |
URL status | url-status | If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.
| String | सुझावित |
Archive URL | archive-url archiveurl | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date' | String | सुझावित |
Archive date | archive-date archivedate | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | मिति | सुझावित |
Archive format | archive-format | Format of the archived copy; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | String | वैकल्पिक |
URL access date | access-date accessdate | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | मिति | सुझावित |
Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation | String | वैकल्पिक |
Ref | ref | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template | String | वैकल्पिक |
Postscript | postscript | The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined
| String | वैकल्पिक |
Subscription required | subscription | Use 'url-access' instead | String | बहिष्कृत |
Registration required | registration | Use 'url-access' instead | String | बहिष्कृत |
Separator | separator | The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark
| String | वैकल्पिक |
Lay URL | layurl | URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary' | String | वैकल्पिक |
Lay source | laysource | Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash | String | वैकल्पिक |
Lay date | laydate | Date of the summary; displays in parentheses | String | वैकल्पिक |
Author mask | author-mask | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | वैकल्पिक |
Last name 3 | last3 author3 | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
First name 3 | first3 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Author link 3 | authorlink3 author3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Last name 4 | last4 author4 | The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
First name 4 | first4 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Author link 4 | authorlink4 author4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Last name 5 | last5 author5 | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
First name 5 | first5 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Author link 5 | authorlink5 author5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Last name 6 | last6 author6 | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
First name 6 | first6 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Author link 6 | authorlink6 author6-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Last name 7 | last7 author7 | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
First name 7 | first7 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Author link 7 | authorlink7 author7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Last name 8 | last8 author8 | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
First name 8 | first8 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Author link 8 | authorlink8 author8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Last name 9 | last9 author9 | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
First name 9 | first9 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Author link 9 | authorlink9 author9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Author name separator | author-name-separator | Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark
| String | वैकल्पिक |
Author separator | author-separator | Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark
| String | वैकल्पिक |
Display authors | display-authors displayauthors | Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. | String | वैकल्पिक |
Last author ampersand | last-author-amp lastauthoramp | When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space' | String | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name 3 | editor3-last editor3 | The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name 3 | editor3-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link 3 | editor3-link editor3link editorlink3 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name 4 | editor4-last editor4 | The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name 4 | editor4-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link 4 | editor4-link editor4link editorlink4 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name 5 | editor5-last editor5 | The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name 5 | editor5-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link 5 | editor5-link editor5link editorlink5 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name 6 | editor6-last editor6 | The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name 6 | editor6-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link 6 | editor6-link editor6link editorlink6 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name 7 | editor7-last editor7 | The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name 7 | editor7-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link 7 | editor7-link editor7link editorlink7 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name 8 | editor8-last editor8 | The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name 8 | editor8-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link 8 | editor8-link editor8link editorlink8 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Editor last name 9 | editor9-last editor9 | The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor first name 9 | editor9-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. | रेखा | वैकल्पिक |
Editor link 9 | editor9-link editor9link editorlink9 | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor. | पृष्ठ नाम | वैकल्पिक |
Edition | edition | Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.' | String | वैकल्पिक |
Bibcode access level | bibcode-access | If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. | String | वैकल्पिक |
DOI access level | doi-access | If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'. | String | वैकल्पिक |
HDL access level | hdl-access | If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. | String | वैकल्पिक |
Jstor access level | jstor-access | If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. | String | वैकल्पिक |
OpenLibrary access level | ol-access | If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'. | String | वैकल्पिक |
OSTI access level | osti-access | If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'. | String | वैकल्पिक |
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.