Nhokonho, kambe lowu tiviwaka tanihi vuvabyi bya Hansen (HD), i bya nkarhi wo leha ntluleto wa byona wu vangiwa hi bakitheriya ya mayikhobakitheriyamu lepiraye na mayikhobakitheriyamu Lepiramathosisi.' Emasungulweni, ntluleto a wu na swikombiso na ku va kona kusuka eka 5 ku ya eka malembe ya 20.
Swikombiso leswi vonakalaka swi katsa ku pfimba ka misiha, tiphayiphi ya moya nghohe na mahlo. Leswi swi nga hetelela eka ku lahlekeriwa hi vuswikoti byo twa ku vava na swiphemu swa mahelo hi mhaka ya ku vaviseka kambe hi ku vuyelela kumbe ku tlulela hi mhaka ya mbanga leyi nga tekeriwangiki enhlokweni. Ku tsana na ku vona switsongo swi nga va kona.
Nhlokonho wu hangalaxiwa exikarhi ka vanhu. Wu va kona hi ku khohlola kumbe ku hlangana na swihalaki swo huma enhompfini ya munhu loyi a tluletiweke. Nhlokonho wu va kona hi xitalo exikarhi ka lava hanyaka evusiwaneni na ku pfumeriwa leswaku wu hundziseriwa emahlweni hi swmatana leswi hefemuleriwaka ehandle. Ku hambana na leswi ku pfumeriwaka eka swona, a wu tluleli. Tinxaka timbrhi letikulu ta vuvabyi ti kumeka eka nhlayo ya tibakitheriya leti nga kona: pawusibasillari na basillarinyingi. Tinxaka letimbirhi ti hambaniseka hi nhlayo ya nhlonge yo ka yi ngari kahle,ku van a nhlonge feke, Mfembo wu tiyisisiwa hi ku kumiwa ka bakisili ya asidifasiti eka bayopisi ya nghohe hi ku kambela DNA leyi tirhisaka angulo wo landzelelana wa polimerase.
Nhlokonho wa tshunguleka hi vutshunguri lebyi vuriwaka vutshunguri bya Swidzidziharisinyingi (MDT). Vutshunguri bya nhlokonho ya pausibasillari dapsone na rifampisini ku ringana 6 wa tin'hweti. Vutshunguri bya nhlokonho ya bakisilarinyingi byi na rifampisini, dapsone na tlilofazimine ku ringana 12 wa tin'hweti. Vutshunguri lebyi byi nyikiwa mahala hiNhlangano wa Rihanyu wa Misava nhlayo ya swin'wanyana swilwanaswitsongwatsongwana swi nga tirhisiwa. Misava hinkwayo hi 2012, timhangu ta vuvabyi lebyi nga tshungulekiki bya nhlokonho a ti ri 189, 000 ehansi ku suka eka 5.2 wa timiliyoni hi va1980. Nhlayo ta timhangu tintshwa a yi ri 230,000. Timhangu tintshwa ti humelela eka 16 wa matiko, laha India yi vikaka ku tlula hafu. Kwalomu ka 200 wa timhangu ta vikiwa hi lembe eUnited States. Kwalomu ka 200 ya timhangu ta vikiwa lembe na lembe eUnited Kingdom.
Nhlokonho wu khomile vanhu ku ringana gidi ra malembe. Vuvabyi byi kume vito leri kusuka eka rito ra Xilatini Lepra, leswi vulaka "magegetsu", loko rito " Vuvabyi bya Hansen" ri tshyiwile endzhaku ka Dokodela Gerhard Armauer Hansen. Ku hambanisa vanhu hi ku va veka eka tikholoni ta nhlokonho swa ha humelela eka tindhawu to fana na India, China, na le Afrika. Hambiswiritano, tikholoni tinyingi ti pfarile kusukela loko nhlokonho wu nga ha tluleri. Xinyumiso ka vanhu a ku fambelana na nhlokonho eka matimu yotala, leswi yisaka emahlweni ku va xirhalanganyi eka ku vika hi wexe na ku tshunguriwa ka ha ri na nkarhi. Van'wana va teka rito wanhlokonho ri ri xikhunguvanyiso, ku tsakeriwa marito " Vanhu lava tluletiweke nhlokonho." Siku ra Misava ra Nhlokonho ri sunguriwe hi 1954 ku vitanisa ku lemukisa eka lava khumbekaka hi nhlokonho.
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