Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA: ; loyi a tswariweke hi 18 Mawuwana 1918) i khale ka Peresidende wa Afrika-Dzonga, i wo sungula ku hlawuriwa eka nhlawulo wa xidemokhirasi lowu yimeleka vanhu hinkwavo.
Loko a nga si hlawuriwa , Mandela a lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu(apartheid) tanihi murhangeri wa African National Congress na vuthu ra nyimpi leri tiviweke hi ra Umkhonto we Sizwe. U hete 27 wa malembe ekhotsweni, yo tala ya wona eXihlaleni xa Robben, ehenhla ko voniwa milandzu leyi hlanganisaka ku kavanyeta matirhele ya mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu.
Nelson Mandela | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mandela hi lembe ra 1994 | |||||||
Mudyaxihi 10, 1994 - Khotavuxika 14, 1999 ← F. W. de Klerk (en) - Thabo Mbeki (en) →
Ndzhati 2, 1998 - 1999 ← Andrés Pastrana Arango (en) - Thabo Mbeki (en) → | |||||||
Vutomi | |||||||
Vito | Rolihllahla Mandela | ||||||
Ndzhawu yovelekiwa | Muganga wa Mvezo , Mawuwani 18, 1918 | ||||||
Tiko ra vutshami | Afrika-Dzonga | ||||||
Kaya rakwe | Houghton Estate (en) | ||||||
Ririmi rantumbuluko | Xhosa (en) | ||||||
Ndzhawu yolova | Houghton Estate (en) , N'wendzamhala 5, 2013 | ||||||
Qunu (en) | |||||||
Muxaka warifu | (respiratory disease (en) ) | ||||||
Ndyangu | |||||||
Tata wakwe | Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa | ||||||
Mana wakwe | Nosekeni Fanny | ||||||
Nghamu | Evhelina Mase (Nhlangula 5, 1944 - Nyenyankulu 19, 1957) Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Khotavuxika 14, 1958 - Nyenyankulu 19, 1996) Graca Mashele (Mawuwani 18, 1998 - N'wendzamhala 5, 2013) | ||||||
N'wana/Vana | |||||||
Xaka | view
| ||||||
Education | |||||||
Uleteriwe e | Yunivhesithi ya Vhetsi Yunivhesithi ya Afrika Dzonga Bachelor of Arts (en) Yunivhesithi ya Forthare University of London (en) | ||||||
Tindzimi leti a a titiva, kutsala na kuvulavula | Xinghezi Xhosa (en) | ||||||
Ntirho | |||||||
Ntirho | N'wa politiki, autobiographer (en) , lawyer (en) , political activist (en) , political prisoner (en) nakambe screenwriter (en) | ||||||
Vito ro tswariwa | |||||||
Ndzhawu ya ntirho | Afrika-Dzonga | ||||||
Ntirho wakwe lowutivekaka | Long Walk to Freedom (en) | ||||||
Masagwati lama kumiweke | see
| ||||||
Ahlohloteriwa hi | Luis Taruc (en) | ||||||
Xirho xa nhlangano wa | American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) | ||||||
Vupfumeri | |||||||
Vukhongeri | Methodism (en) | ||||||
Xirho xa nhlangano wa politiki | African National Congress (en) South African Communist Party (en) | ||||||
IMDb | nm0541691 | ||||||
nelsonmandela.org | |||||||
Exikarhi ka lava a va lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu eAfrika-Dzonga na le misaveni hinkwayo, u vile mfungo wa ntshuxeko no ringana ka vanhu, hala tlhelo mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu na matiko lawa a ma wu seketela va n'wi voneke yena na ANC tanihi mukhomanisi na mutherorisi.
Endzhaku ko tshunxiwa ekhotsweni hi 11 Nyenyanyana 1990, ku cinca ka yena eku tirhiseni ndlela yo vuyelelana no burisana swi pfune ku hundzula Afrika-Dzonga leswaku yi va tiko ra tinxaka to hambanahambana. Ku sukela loko mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu wu herile, u bumabumeriwile ngopfu hi vanhu vo tala, ku hlanganisa na valala vakwe va nkarhi lowu hundzeke.
Mandela u amukele masagwadi lama tlulaka dzana endzeni ka makumemune wa malembe, leyi tivekaka ngopfu eka tona i mbuyelo wa kurhula wa Nobel (Nobel Peace Prize) hi lembe ra 1993. Enkarhini wa sweswi u tlangeriwa tanihi mufumi loyi a dyuhaleke loyi a ha riki na rito etimhakeni to tala. EAfrika-Dzonga u tiveka ngopfu hi ra Madiba, Vito ro hlawuleka leri nyikiwaka vakulu/tihosi ta rixaka ra va ka Mandela. Vito leri ri sungule ku tirhisiwa ngopfu ku vulavula hi Nelson Mandela.
Mandela u kombe Mahatma Gandhi tanihi munhu loyi a veke na nhlohlotelo ngopfu evutonwini bya yena, hi ta Filosofi ya ku tirhisa kurhula no langutana na vuxanisi hi ndlela leyi xiximekaka.
Mandela uvelekiwa eka ri xaka ra vaThembu leri (hintolovelo) fumeka e migangeni ya Transkayi e hansi ka Phurovinci ya Kapa e ka nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga. U bebuleriwe eka muganga lowu tsonga wa Mvezo e xifundzeni xa Umtata, Nstindza wa Transkayi. Kokwa wa yena akuri Ngubengcuka (Loyi a lovekeka hi lembe ra 1832), Hosi-leyi fumaka ya vaThembu, lava eku heteleleni va hluriweke mfumo wa vukolonyi wa manghezi. Unwe wa majaha ya hosi, leyi a yi tiviwa hi ra Mandela, u ve kokwana wa Nelson, loyi a veke xihlovo xa Xivongo. Leswi a veke nwana wa hosi hi nsati wa le ximatsini wa rixaka ra vaka Ixhiba, Swi hluke swa rhavi ra yena a swi nga faneleki ku teka vuhosi bya vaThembu. Tata wa kwe, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa (1880–1928), hambiswiritano u vekiwile tani hi ndhuna ya ximutana xa Mvezo. Endzaku ko papalata mfumo wa vukolonyi, u tekeriwe mfumo naswona a rhurisiwa aya e Qunu na muti wakwe. Hambiswiritano, Gadla a a hari unwana wa vandla ra hosi, naswona u hoxe xandla eku vekiweni ka Jongintaba Dalindyebo e vuhosini bya vaThembu, loyi a nwi hakeleke hi ku teka Mandela ehansi ka timpapa takwe, endzaku ka rifu ra Gadla. Tata wa Mandela a a ri na vasati va mune, lava va nwi velekeleke vana va khume-nharhu(mjaha ya mune na tintombhi ta nkaye). Mandela u tswariwe hi nsati wa wa vunharhu wa Gadla ('Wa vunharhu' hi kuya hi mpimo wa rixaka ra vuhosi), Nosekeni Fanny, nwana wa nhwana wa Nkedama loyi a a ri wa vaMpemvu va rixaka ra ma Xhosa, Yindlu ya xinene, laha Mandela a kuleleke e ximutanini xa kona. Vito ro nyikiwa ra yena Rolihlahla ri vula leswaku "kukoka rhavi ra murhi", kumbe hi laha kutolovelekeke, "nwa-timholova".
This article uses material from the Wikipedia Xitsonga article Nelson Mandela, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
®Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wiki Foundation, Inc. Wiki Xitsonga (DUHOCTRUNGQUOC.VN) is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wiki Foundation.