北極者,地球之極北,即地軸之北點也,眾子午線聚之,北緯九十度之所,名曰北極點。於極點四顧,皆南方也。北辰居乎正天。
環極點之地,謂曰「北極地方」,皆為瀚海,堅冰封之,名曰白令海,常年寒風凛烈。有北極光見焉,絢麗尤甚,綺乎有可觀者。
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