Virus

Classification System: ICTV (2022 Release, MSL #38)

(Unranked): Virus
Realms: Adnaviria – Duplodnaviria – Monodnaviria – Riboviria – Ribozyviria – Varidnaviria
Regna: Bamfordvirae – Helvetiavirae – Heunggongvirae – Loebvirae – Orthornavirae – Pararnavirae – Sangervirae – Shotokuvirae – Trapavirae – Zilligvirae
Phyla: Artverviricota – Cossaviricota – Cressdnaviricota – Dividoviricota – Duplornaviricota – Hofneiviricota – Kitrinoviricota – Lenarviricota – Negarnaviricota – Nucleocytoviricota – Peploviricota – Phixviricota – Pisuviricota – Preplasmiviricota – Saleviricota – Uroviricota

Subphyla: Haploviricotina – Polyploviricotina

Classes:Allassoviricetes –Alsuviricetes –Amabiliviricetes –Arfiviricetes –Caudoviricetes –Chunqiuviricetes –Duplopiviricetes –Ellioviricetes –Faserviricetes –Flasuviricetes –Insthoviricetes –Herviviricetes –Howeltoviricetes –Huolimaviricetes –Laserviricetes –Magsaviricetes –Malgrandaviricetes –Maveriviricetes –Megaviricetes –Miaviricetes –Milneviricetes –Monjiviricetes –Mouviricetes –Papovaviricetes –Pisoniviricetes –Pokkesviricetes –Quintoviricetes –Repensiviricetes –Revtraviricetes –Stelpaviricetes –Tectiliviricetes –Tolucaviricetes –Vidaverviricetes –Yunchangviricetes

Ordines: Caudovirales –Herpesvirales –Ligamenvirales –Nidovirales –Ortervirales –Picornavirales –Tymovirales

Familiae: Adenoviridae –Alphasatellitidae –Alphatetraviridae –Alvernaviridae –Amalgaviridae –Ampullaviridae –Anelloviridae –Ascoviridae –Asfarviridae –Astroviridae –Avsunviroidae –Bacilladnaviridae –Baculoviridae –Barnaviridae –Benyviridae –Bicaudaviridae –Bidnaviridae –Birnaviridae –Bromoviridae –Caliciviridae –Carmotetraviridae –Chrysoviridae –Circoviridae –Clavaviridae –Closteroviridae –Corticoviridae –Cystoviridae –Endornaviridae –Flaviviridae –Fuselloviridae –Geminiviridae –Genomoviridae –Globuloviridae –Guttaviridae –Hepadnaviridae –Hepeviridae –Hypoviridae –Hytrosaviridae –Inoviridae –Iridoviridae –Lavidaviridae –Leviviridae –Luteoviridae –Marseilleviridae –Megabirnaviridae –Microviridae –Mimiviridae –Mycodnaviridae –Nanoviridae –Narnaviridae –Nimaviridae –Nodaviridae –Nudiviridae –Papillomaviridae –Partitiviridae –Parvoviridae –Permutotetraviridae –Phycodnaviridae –Picobirnaviridae –Plasmaviridae –Pleolipoviridae –Polydnaviridae –Polyomaviridae –Portogloboviridae –Pospiviroidae –Potyviridae –Poxviridae –Quadriviridae –Reoviridae –Sarthroviridae –Smacoviridae –Solemoviridae –Solinviviridae –Sphaerolipoviridae –Spiraviridae –Tectiviridae –Togaviridae –Tolecusatellitidae –Tombusviridae –Totiviridae –Tristromaviridae –Turriviridae –Virgaviridae

Genera:Dinodnavirus –Rhizidiovirus –Salterprovirus –Sinaivirus

BaltimoreClassification: Group I: dsDNA – Group II: ssDNA – Group III: dsRNA – Group IV: ssRNA(+) – Group V: ssRNA(-) – Group VI: ssRNA(RT) – Group VII: dsDNA(RT)

Subviral agents (King et al. 2011): Satellites and other virus-dependent nucleic acids – Viroids – Prions

• Aphanobionta Novak, 1930, Rothmaler, 1951
• Aphanobiontidea Walton, 1930
• Archaeophyta Barkley, 1939 non Archephyta Haeckel, 1866
• Vira Holmes, 1939
• Viriphyta McKinney, 1944
• Virales Holmes, 1948
• Archetista Jahn & Jahn, 1949
• Vireae Barkley, 1949
• Acellularae Traub, 1963
• Protobiota Hsen-Hsu, 1965
• Vira Barkley, 1970
• Acytota Jeffrey, 1971
• Akamara Hurst, 2000

• Gibbs, A. J. 2013. Viral taxonomy needs a spring clean; its exploration era is over. Virology Journal 10:254, (PDF).
• Collier, Leslie, Balows, Albert & Sussman, Max 1998. Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections ninth edition, Volume 1, Virology, volume editors: Mahy, Brian and Collier, Leslie. Arnold. ISBN 0340663162.
• Dimmock, N.J., Easton, Andrew J. & Leppard, Keith 2007. Introduction to Modern Virology sixth edition, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 1405136456.
• Knipe, David M., Howley, Peter M., Griffin, Diane E., Lamb, Robert A., Martin, Malcolm A, Roizman, Bernard & Straus Stephen E. 2007. Fields Virology Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0781760607.
• Shors, Teri 2008. Understanding Viruses. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 0763729329.

Links

• ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2019
• Ninth Report of the ICTV 2011 (Fulltext)
• Viralzone
• Viralzone: Baltimore classification
• Virus – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
• Alphabetical list of virus species

Novák (1930)

Novák, F. A. 1930, 1940. Systematická botanika, 2. svazky, in: Rostlinopis, Prag.

• Akaryonta
  • Aphanobionta
• Karyonta

Walton (1930)

Walton, Lee Barker 1930. Studies concerning organisms occurring in water supplies with particular reference to those found in Ohio. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin, 24: 1–86, link.

Kingdom Bionta

• Subkingdom Protistodeae
  • Phylum Probiontaria
    • Class Microbiontoidea
      • Order Aphanobiontidea
      • Order Chlamydozoidea
    • Class Bacterioidea
    • Class Spirochaetoidea
• Subkingdom Metaphytodeae
• Subkingdom Metazoodeae

Holmes in Breed et al. (1948)

Holmes, F.O. 1948. Order Virales: the filterable viruses. In: Breed, R.S., Murray, E.G.D. & Hitchens, A.P. (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, The Outline Classification used in The Bergey Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.

Division Schizophyta

• Supplements: groups of uncertain relationship
  • Order Virales Breed, Murray & Hitchens, 1944
    • Suborder 1. Phagineae Holmes
      • Family I. Phagaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Phagus Holmes
    • Suborder II. Phytophagineae Holmes
      • Family I. Chlorogenaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Chlorogenus Holmes
        • Genus II. Carpophthora McKinney
        • Genus III. Morsus Holmes
        • Genus IV. Aureogenus Black
        • Genus V. Galla Holmes
        • Genus VI. Fractilinae McKinney
      • Family II. Marmoraceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Marmor Holmes
        • Genus II. Acrogenus Holmes
        • Genus III. Corium Holmes
        • Genus IV. Nanus Holmes
        • Genus V. Rimocortius Milbrath & Zeller
        • Genus VI. Adelonosus Brierley & Smith
      • Family III. Annulaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Annulus Holmes
      • Family IV. Rugaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Ruga Holmes
      • Family V. Savoiaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Savoia Holmes
      • Family VI. Lethaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Lethum Holmes
    • Suborder III. Zoophagineae Holmes
      • Family I. Borrelinaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Borrelina Holmes
        • Genus II. Morator Holmes
      • Family II. Borreliotaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Borreliota Goodpasture
        • Genus II. Briareus Holmes
        • Genus III. Scelus Holmes
        • Genus IV. Hostis Holmes
        • Genus V. Moliler Holmes
      • Family III. Erronaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Erro Holmes
        • Genus II. Legio Holmes
        • Genus III. Formido Holmes
      • Family IV. Charonaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Charon Holmes
        • Genus II. Tarpeia Holmes
        • Genus III. Tortor Holmes
      • Family V. Trifuriaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Trifur Holmes
      • Family VI. Rabulaceae Holmes
        • Genus I. Rabula Holmes

Barkley (1949)

Barkley, Fred A. Un esbozo de clasificación de los organismos. Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. 10: 83–103, (PDF) (Spanish)

• Mychota (Monera, Anucleobionta)
  • Schizophyta
    • Schizomycophyta (Myxothallophyta)
      • Vireae (Viriphyta)
        • Bacteriophagales (Zoophagi, Phytophagi)
        • Rickettsiales
      • Schyzomycetes (Eubacteriae)
      • Spirochaetae
    • Cyanophyta
• Protista
• Euplanta
• Euanimalia

Rothmaler (1951)

Rothmaler, Werner. 1951. Die Abteilungen und Klassen der Pflanzen. Feddes Rep Spec Nov Reg Veg 3: 256–266, Google Books, Abstract.

• Aphanobionta Novak (1930) – Virales Holmes (1948) – Vireae Barkley (1949)
  • Virophyta Rothm., nov. div. – Archaeophyta Barkley (1939) non Haeckel (1866)
    • Globullovira Rothm., nov. class.
      • Globullovirea Rothm., nov. subclass.
      • Tesserulovirea Rothm., nov. subclass. – Tesserulata Ruska, 1950
    • Rhabdovira Rothm., nov. class.
  • Phagophyta Rothm., nov. div. – d'Herellata Ruska (1950) – Bakteriophagum d'Herelle
    • Phagovira Rothm., nov. class. – d'Herellata Ruska (1950) – Phagineae Holmes (1948)
  • Cysticetophyta Rothm., nov. div. – Cysticeta Ruska (1950)
    • Cysticetovira Rothm., nov. class. – Cysticetes Ruska, Poppe & Kausche (1947) – Cysticeta Ruska (1950)
• Akaryobionta
• Protobionta
• Cormobionta
• Gastrobionta

Lwoff, Horne & Tournier (1962)

Lwoff, A., Horne, R. & Tournier, P. 1962. A system of viruses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol., 27, 51–55.

Key characteristics for classification:

• Nucleic acid (RNA or DNA): R or D
  • Capsid symmetry (helical, cubical or dual): H, C or B
    • Presence of a lipid envelope (naked or enveloped): N or E
      • Diameter of capsid, or number of capsomers

Hsen-Hsu (1965)

Hsen-Hsu, Hu. 1965. The major groups of living beings: a new classification. Taxon 14(8): 254–261.

• Protobiota [including Rickettsiae, viruses and bacteriophages]
• Cytobiota
  • Bacteriobionta
  • Myxobionta
  • Mycobionta
  • Phytobionta
  • Zoobionta

Baltimore (1971)

Baltimore, D. 1971. Expression of animal virus genomes. Bacteriological Reviews, 35(3), 235, Abstract and PDF

• Group I: Double-stranded DNA viruses (dsDNA)
• Group II: Single-stranded DNA viruses (ssDNA)
• Group III: Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA)
• Group IV: Single-stranded RNA viruses whose mRNA is identical in base sequence to virion RNA (+ssRNA)
• Group V: Single-stranded RNA viruses whose genome is complementary in base sequence to the mRNA (-ssRNA)
• Group VI: Single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate (ssRNA-RT)
• Group VII: Double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate through a single-stranded RNA intermediate (dsDNA-RT)

Hurst (2000)

Christon J. Hurst 2011. An Introduction to Viral Taxonomy with Emphasis on Animal Hosts and the Proposal of Akamara, a Potential Domain for the Genomic Acellular Agents. Studies in Viral Ecology: Animal Host Systems, Volume 2. DOI: 10.1002/9781118025710.ch2

• Dominio: Akamara
  • Reino: Euviria
    • Virus
    • Virus satélite
  • Reino: Viroida
    • Viroide
    • Virusoide

King et al. (2011)

King, A. M. Q., Adams, M. J., Carstens, E. B. & Lefkowitz, E. J. (eds). 2011. Virus taxonomy: 9h report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, Google Books. Partially disponible at: www.ictvonline.org

• dsDNA viruses
  • Order Caudovirales
  • Order Herpesvirales
  • Unassigned viruses
• ssDNA viruses
  • Unassigned viruses
• Reverse transcribing DNA and RNA viruses
  • Unassigned viruses
• dsRNA viruses
  • Unassigned viruses
• Negative sense ssRNA viruses
  • Order Mononegavirales
  • Unassigned viruses
• Positive sense ssRNA viruses
  • Order Nidovirales
  • Order Picornavirales
  • Order Tymovirales
• Unassigned viruses
• Subviral agents
  • Satellites and other virus-dependent nucleic acids
  • Viroids
  • Prions