The Zoologist/4th series, vol 1 (1897)

It is an old remark that every book has many authors; it is one that is exceedingly applicable to 'The Zoologist,' and we congratulate our contributors on the volume they have produced for 1897.

Our pages in the record of observations may be said to exhibit the essence of co-operation, for our contributors do not only write about animals, but absolutely seem to live and work with them. This is the aim and ideal of 'The Zoologist.' We do not propose to merely interpret, but really to reveal the secrets and the polity of the animal life that is around us.

The present volume contains much of great interest in British Ornithology. We have recorded the undoubted occurrence of Hypolais polyglotta in Sussex; articles have appeared on the capture of Pallas's Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus, in Norfolk towards the end of last year, while from Cambridgeshire was announced the acquisition of an Albatross, Diomedea melanophrys, and a recent communication shows that little doubt can be entertained that a specimen of the Mediterranean Herring Gull, Larus cachinnans, was shot in Norfolk in 1886. Ornithology has again held the place in our Magazine which it has so long done, and 'The Zoologist' appears to be still considered the recognised and suitable vehicle for avian observations.

The Order Pisces has received increased attention, and in British Zoology the very fact of our sea-girt realm should give ​to the study of Fishes a peculiar significance and interest. We trust this study may extend to other marine animals, and that sea-shore naturalists may seek more publicity.

There are still many neglected orders of British Animals which we hope to see receiving more attention in our pages. Earthworms have come to the front in the present volume, and there is a probability of Crustacea affording some material during the ensuing year. The Insecta have their own special Magazines, with which we have no desire to compete, but the natural history of insects cannot, and will not, be considered as a foreign subject to the aim and scope of 'The Zoologist.' The annals of Early Man in Britain have been commenced, and will be continued, while we confidently believe that the subject will increase in interest and detail.

We must also refer to the valuable contributions we have received to the Zoology of South Africa, Australia, the West Indies, and British India, and our expectations are that the "Foreign Intelligence" will suffer no diminution in the future.

In conclusion, the Editor, in acknowledging his obligations to the contributors, very heartily offers both them and the readers all the compliments of the season, with the best zoological wishes for the new year.

CONTENTS.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

From Buffon to Darwin, 312

Strickland, T.A. Gerald, F.E.S.

Frog attacked by a Rat, 169

Sutton, James

Asterias tessellata, or Scutellated Star-fish, 170; The Common Cockroach, 370

Teesdale, John H.

Montagu's Harrier breeding in Ireland, 467

Ticehurst, A.F.^[1]

Breeding of the Common Snipe in Romney Marsh, 271; Rare Warblers in Sussex, 333

Tuck, Rev. Julian G., M.A.

White Wagtail nesting in Suffolk, 233; Strange occurrence of an Albatross in Cambridgeshire, 363; Cuckoo's egg in nest of Song Thrush, 364; Garden lists of birds, 474; Fork-tailed Petrel in E. Suffolk, 509; Green Woodpecker boring in November, 573

Walker, J.J., R.N., F.L.S.

A flying visit to Dirk Hartog and the Houtman's Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, 293

Warren, Robert

Fulmar and Surf Socter in Cos. Sligo and Mayo, 84; Unusually large numbers of Pintails in Co. Mayo, 143; On the breeding range of the Yellow Wagtail in Ireland, 346

Watt, Hugh Boyd

Local name of the Sheldrake, 571

Whitaker, F.^[2]

Little Owl near Newark-on-Trent, 329; Variety of Grasshopper Warbler, 333; Red-backed Shrike near Rainworth, 334

Whitlock, F.B.

The breeding habits of the Purple Heron, 407

Williams, E.

Hybrids in St. Stephen's Green Park, Dublin, 329

Wilson, William

An unfortunate Cuckoo, 272; Young Cuckoo in nest of Twite, 365; Appearance of migrants in Aberdeenshire during 1896 and 1897, 366

Witchell, Charles A.

The voices of the Blackbird and the Nightingale compared, 331; Variations of habit in the Blue Titmouse, 333; The song of the Greenfinch, 335; The autumn song of birds, 358, 471; The Dictionary of British Bird-song, 578

Wollaston, A.

A walk across Lapland, 498

Wood, Surg.-Capt. Henry S.

Description of, and Natural History notes on, the Burmese Wild Bull, 489

Young, John

The Wood-Pigeons in the London Parks, 87; Rooks in the West End of London, 87

Enchytræus parvulus, Friend (Staffordshire) Page 349

Allolobophora constricta, Rosa, var. geminata, Friend (Antrim) 459

Abramis blicca, 561; brama, 561

Acanthias vulgaris, 565

Acerina vulgaris, 544

Acipenser sturio, 564

Actitis macularia, 448

Address, Editorial, 1

African Lake Fauna, 148, 187

Agonus cataphractus, 546

Agyrtria niveipectus, 446

Akodon urichi, 844

Alaska, Natural History notes from, 243

Albatross in Cambridgeshire, 363

Albino Badger in Hants, 327; Sparrow, 578; Turbot, 339

Allolobophora arborea, 458; boeckii, 458; chlorotica, 458; constricta, 459,—var. geminata, 459; eiseni, 458; fœtida, 458; georgii, 458; hibernica, 458; mammalis, 458; profuga, 457; rosea, 458; subrubicunda, 458; terrestris, 457; trapezoides, 457; turgida, 457

Allurus, macrurus, 459; tetraedrus, 459,—var. flavus, 459; tetragonurus, 459

Alopecias vulpes, 475, 565, 579

Amazilia tobaci, 446

Ametrida minor, habitat, 326

Ammodytes lanceolatus, 555; tobianus, 555

Amphibolurus barbatus, 299

Anarhichas, lupus, 551

Angel-fish at Lowestoft, 475

Anguilla latirostris, 563; vulgaris, 562

Animal life, deep-sea, in past epochs, 184; pests in British Columbia, 527,—in United States, 530

Animals, circular movement in, 146; acclimatization, at Rushmore, 242; and plants, winter life, in United States, 242; influence of darkness on, 488

Ant-eater breeding in captivity, 95

Aramides cajanea, 447

Arctatlantis, the North Atlantic Sea-region, 222

Arctic expedition, Natural History plans, 291

Arctirenia, the North Pacific Sea-region, 224

Ardea cinerea, 408; purpurea, 407

Asterias tessellata, alleged occurrence in Durham, 170, 340

Atherina presbyter, 552

Atlas Mountains fauna to be investigated, 187

Auk, Great, sales of eggs, 241, 382; remains found in Co. Waterford, 383; existing remains, 533; Little, at Scarborough, 166

Australia, North, Mammalia of, 189; Western, flying visit to Dirk Hartog and the Houtman's Abrolhos Islands, 293

Australian fossils in precious opal, 488

Auxis rochei, 547

Avicultural Magazine, 385; notes, 338

Aviculture, 535

Avifauna, British, recent additions, 5

Baboon, Chacma, 29; and Maanhaar Jackal, 155; female, menstruation, 32

Badger, albino, in Hants, 327

Barbel in Great Ouse, 534

Bat, Daubenton's, on Derbyshire and Staffordshire border, 326,—in Bedfordshire, 326; Lesser Horse-shoe, position during hibernation, 537; Long-eared, food, 231; Serotine, near Hastings, 141

Batrachians and Reptiles of Celebes, 184

Bats, Fruit, of Philippine Islands, 44; of Ireland, list and range, 184

Bear, Black, breeding in captivity, 185

Bedfordshire Vertebrate Fauna, 486

Behring Sea Seal Fisheries, 96

Bellona ornata, 446

Belone vulgaris, 559

Bettongia lesueurii, 210

Biological stations, fresh-water, 187

Bird-names, Manx, 71, 144

Birds, rare, at Hastings, 86; extinct, of Chatham Island, 145; amongst the, in Norfolk, 168; eating Magpie-moth, 169, 236; insectivorous, destroyed, in Eastern S. Africa, 243; inherited instinct in, 275, 367; autumn song, 358, 410, 471; ​of Galapagos Islands, 290; observed in Shetland, 360; colour-variation in, 383; garden lists of, 417, 474; unusual sites for nests of, 430; seen in Yukon District of Canada, 430; West Indian, 444; hours at which some commence to sing, 472, 576; migration of, 245, 505; egg-producing powers of, 511, 574, 575; directive coloration in, 531; British, Manual of, 532,—Dictionary of Call-notes, 535, 578

Birds' tongues in pictures, 533

Birdsnesting in August, 430

Bittern, Common, in Darenth Wood, near Dartford, 86

Blackbird stealing eggs, 330; and Nightingale, voices compared, 331

Bones, human, at Bromehill, 164

Books Noticed:—

Red Deer, by the Rev. H. A. Macpherson, Cameron, of Lochiel, Viscount Ebrington, and A.T. Shand, 37

Oceanic Ichthyology, a Treatise on the Deep Sea and Pelagic Fishes of the World, by G.B. Goode and Tarleton H. Bean, 40

Coloured Figures of the Eggs of British Birds, with Descriptive Notices, by H. Seebohm, edited by Dr. K. Bowdler Sharpe, 41

By the Deep Sea, a popular Introduction to the Wild Life of the British Shores, by E. Step, 42

The Collector's Manual of British Land and Freshwater Shells, by L. E. Adams, 43

A Handbook to the Game-birds, by W.R. Ogilvie Grant, 90

Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey. The Dinosaurs of North America, by Prof. O. C. Marsh, 92

The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma,—Moths, by Sir G.F. Hampson, Bart., 93

Zoologisches Adressbuch, published by R. Friedlander & Sohn, 94

Ethnology, by A.H. Keane, 171

The Present Evolution of Man, by G. Archdall Reid, 173

Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., 175

A Sketch of the Natural History of Australia, by Frederick G. Aflalo, 176

The Fishes of North and Middle America,—a Catalogue of the Species of Fish-like Vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama, by D.S. Jordan and B.W. Evermann, 178

The Migration of Birds,—a Consideration of Herr Gätke's Views, by F.B. Whitlock, 179

Report of Observations on Injurious Insects and Common Farm Pests during the year 1896, by Eleanor A. Ormerod, 180

Das Tierreich, Aves (Podargidæ, Caprimulgidæ, und Macropterygidæ), by Ernst Hartert, 181

Man and Woman,—a Study of Human Secondary Characters, by Havelock Ellis, 237

Society for the Protection of Birds,—Educational Series, edited by H.E. Dresser, 238

A Handbook to the Order Lepidoptera, by W.F. Kirby, 239

Problems of Nature,—Researches and Discoveries of Gustav Jaeger, edited and translated by Henry G. Schlichter, 278

Pheasants,—their Natural History and Practical Management, by W.B. Tegetmeier, 279

Papers presented to the World's Congress on Ornithology, edited by Mrs. E. Irene Rood, under the direction of Dr. Elliot Coues, 280

Wild Bird Protection and Nesting Boxes, by John R.B. Masefield, 281

Birds of our Islands, by F.A. Fulcher, 283

The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma,—Hymenoptera, vol. i. by Lieut. Col. C.T. Bingham, 283

Investigations into applied Nature, by W. Wilson, Jun., 284

The Migration of Birds,—an attempt to reduce Avine Season-flight to Law, by Charles Dixon, 371

Cambridge Natural History, vol. ii.—Worms, Rotifers, and Polyzoa, 373

L'Année Biologique, Première Année, 1895, 376

Traité de Zoologie, publié sous la direction de Raphael Blanchard: Fas. xi. Némertiens, par Louis Joubin; Fas.xvi., Mollusques, par Paul Pelseneer, 377 ​

Practical Taxidermy,—a Manual of Instruction to the Amateur in Collecting, Preserving, and Setting-up Natural History Specimens of all kinds, by Montagu Browne, 378

Life in Early Britain, being an Account of the Early Inhabitants of this Island, and the Memorials which they have left behind them, by Bertram C.A. Windle, 477

The Vivarium, being a Practical Guide to the Construction, Arrangement, and Management of Vivaria, containing full information as to all Reptiles suitable as Pets, &c, by the Rev. Gregory C. Bateman, 478

A Bibliography of Gilbert White, the Natural Historian and Antiquarian of Selborne, by Edward A. Martin, 480

Bæveren (Castor fiber) i Norge dens Udbredelse og Levemaade (1896), af R. Collett, 481

The Concise Knowledge Natural History, by R. Lydekker, R. Bowdler Sharpe, W.F. Kirby, W. Garstang, B.B. Woodward, F.A. Bather, R. Kirkpatrick, R.I. Pocock, and H. M. Bernard, 482

Citizen Bird,—Scenes from Bird-Life in Plain English for Beginners, by Mabel Osgood Wright and Elliot Coues, 483

Darwin, and after Darwin, vol. iii., by the late George John Romanes, 522

A Handbook to the Birds of Great Britain, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, 523

British Birds, with their Nests and Eggs, illustrated by F.W. Frohawk, vols, i.-iii., 525

John Hunter, Man of Science and Surgeon, by Stephen Paget, 527

Bos sondaicus, 489,—skull and horns, figured. 492, 495

Brabrook, E. W., honours for, 382

Breeding of Corncrakes in confinement, 85; South African Galago in confinement, 83; Ant-eater in captivity, 95; Roseate Tern in Britain, 165, 467; Caracal or Desert Lynx in captivity, 185; Black Bear in captivity, 185; Cape Hunting Dog in captivity, 186; Long-eared Owl in Essex, 232; Common Snipe in Romney Marsh, 271; Sparrows on a band-stand, 287; Tozenburg Goat in captivity, 291; Wild Sheep in captivity, 291; range of Yellow Wagtail in Ireland, 346; Kingfisher in Norfolk, 354; Black-throated Diver in Shetland, 364, 425, 509; habits of Purple Heron, 407; Montagu's Harrier in Ireland, 467; Ringed Plover inland in Norfolk and Suffolk, 502

British Museum Report, 1896, 484

Brown, John Harvie, museum destroyed by fire, 48

Buffon to Darwin, 312

Bull, Burmese Wild, description of, and Natural History notes on, 489; skull and horns, figured, 492, 495

Bunting, Black-headed, in Sussex, 273; Reed, nest in unusual position, 336; Siberian Meadow, 6

Burma, Upper, Zoology of, 286

Bustard, Great, old race of Norfolk, 289, 572; Indian Houbara, in Humber District, 47

Buteo desertorum, 158

Butterflies, light- and dark-coloured, proposed explanation as to appearance during day, 88; strange pairing, 521

Buzzard, Honey, in Staffordshire, 232, 271, 328; in Suffolk, 425

Callionymus lyra, 550

Call-notes of British birds, Dictionary of, 535, 576

Campylopterus ensipennis, 446

Canis dingo, 193

Capros aper, 548

Caracal or Desert Lynx breeding in captivity, 185

Carcharias glaucus, 564

Carpodacus erythrinus, 6

Centronotus gunnellus, 551

Cephalopod, Giant, alleged, reported from Florida, 291

Ceratorrhina burkei, 161; derbyana, 161

Certhiola atrata, 447

Cestode parasites of fishes, 534

Cetaceans, distribution, 220

Charadrius dominicus, a rare Plover, on the River Thames, 330

Check-list of British Earthworms, 453

Chicago Academy of Sciences, museum, 388

​Chlorestes cærulea, 445

Chlorophanes spiza, 447

Chlorostilbon carribæus, 445

Chrysolampis mosquitus, 444

Chrysophrys aurata, 544

Cicadidæ and Orthoptera, stridulation, 432, 516, 517, 519, 520

Clupea alosa, 562; finta, 562; harengus, 561; pilchardus, 562; sprattus, 562

Coassus nemorivagus, 345

Coccidæ, food-plants of, 486

Coccystes glandarius, supposed occurrence in Ireland, 574

Cockroach, Common, changes of colour, 370

Cœlogenys paca, 343

Cœreba cærulea, 447; cyanea, 447

Coloration, directive, in birds, 531

Conger vulgaris, 563

Conilurus boweri, 197; hirsutus, 195; penicillatus, 196

Cormorants in Lower California, 243; destruction, in Australia, 384

Corncrakes breeding in confinement, 35

Cornwall and Devon, neolithic life, 49

Coronella lævis in New Forest, 431, 475

Corsica, ornithological notes from, 254

Cottus bubalis, 545; gobio, 545; scorpius, 545,—var. grœnlandicus, 545

County Records:—

Bedfordshire—Daubenton's Bat, 326; Black Rat, 328

Berkshire—Frog attacked by a Rat, 169

Cambridgeshire—Albatross, 363; birdsnesting in August, 430

Cheshire—Landrail, 86; Lesser Shrew, 231; Noddy Tern, 510

Cornwall—Neolithic life, 49

Cumberland—Eared Grebe, 83

Derbyshire—Daubenton's Bat, 326; Night Heron, 329; Blackthroated Diver, 426

Devonshire—Neolithic life, 49; Shore Lark, 365, 471, 574; Lesser Shrew, 467; Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 470; Pigmy Shrew, 507

Dorsetshire—Icterine Warbler, 332; Osprey, 508

Durham—Asterias tessellata, or Scutellated Star-fish, alleged occurrence, 170, 340; Common Cockroach, 370

Essex—Long-eared Owl, 232; Tunny, 579

Gloucestershire—Summer migrants, 274; unusual position for eggs of Starling, Song Thrush and Sparrow, 334

Hampshire—Winter notes, 34; Worm-eating Slugs, 89; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 142; Red-legged Partridge, 233; Badger, 327; Hedgesparrow, 427; Crossbills, 428; Smooth Snake, 431, 475; notes, 460; Aquatic Warbler, 471; Pied Wagtail, 513; Grey Wagtail, 513; Common Redshank, 575

Hertfordshire—Kingfisher, 469

Kent—Common Bittern, 86; Common Snipe, 271; Blue Titmouse, 333; Starling, 334; American Nonpareil Finch, 335; Montagu's Harrier, 363; Lesser Grey Shrike, 427; Wryneck, 511; Green Sandpiper, 573

Lancashire—Scaup Duck, 329

Leicestershire—Grey Wagtail, 336

Lincolnshire—Greenish Willow Warbler, 5; Common Rorqual, 142; Grey Wagtail, 274, 336; Great Plover, 511.

Middlesex—Wood Pigeons, 87; Rooks in West End of London, 87; Magpie Moth eaten by birds, 169; House Sparrow, 273; avicultural notes, 338; Curlew, 364; Wild Geese, 487

Norfolk—Pallas's Warbler, 5, 8; skulls of early Man, 33; breeding Corncrakes in confinement, 35; ornithological record for 1896, 121; human bones, 164; among the birds, 168; Knot, 232; Cuckoo Ray, 235; Stone Curlew, 248; Sapphirine Gurnard, 275, 339; Nightingale, 332; Lesser Weaver, 339; Turbot, 339; Angler Fish, 340; Common Mackerel, 340; Pilchards, 340; Edible Crab, 340; twenty years in the Fens, 351; "Kentish Crow," 356, 428; Fen versus Marsh, 437; nesting sites, 449; Common Swift, 468; Ringed Plover, 502; Barbel in Great Ouse, 534; Marine and Fresh-water Fishes of Great Yarmouth, &c, 539; Cuckoo, 568; Great Bustard, 289, 572; Mediterranean Herring Gull, 572

Nottinghamshire—Little Owl, 329; Grasshopper Warbler, 333; Redbacked Shrike, 334

Oxfordshire—Spotted Flycatcher's nest in nest of Hawfinch, 426, 473; proximity of Magpie's and Wood Pigeon's nests, 427; Sparrowhawk, 508; Cuckoo, 426, 513 ​

Shropshire—Tit's nest, 167; Longeared Bats, 231; Wasp, Tipula, and Spider, 475

Somersetshire—Garden lists of birds, 418, 431; Hedgesparrow, 427; Black-winged Stilt, 511

Staffordshire—Honey Buzzard, 232, 271, 328; Daubenton's Bat, 326

Suffolk—White Wagtail, 233; Snails, 236; Swallow-tailed Kite, 270, 363; Cuckoo's egg in nest of Song Thrush, 364; Honey Buzzard, 425; garden lists of birds, 474; Thresher Shark, 475; Angel-fish, 475; Ringed Plover, 502; Fork-tailed Petrel, 509; Green Woodpecker, 573

Sussex—Rare birds, 86; Serotine Bat, 141; Black-headed Bunting, 273; Rare Warblers, 333; Hawfinches, 365; Quails, 366; Little Gull, 468; Red-necked Phalarope, 468; Common Roller, 469; Hypolais polyglotta, 513; Common Seal, 571

Warwickshire—Black Tern, 330; White Wagtail, 337

Yorkshire—Little Auks and Little Gulls, 166; Red-legged Partridge, 166; polydactylism in the Horse, 270; Blackbird, 330; trapping Shrews and Voles, 571; Dipper, 575; Notes, 578

Crab, Edible, meristic variation in, figured, 340

Crocodiles, "mystic singing," 288, 289

Crossbills near Bournemouth, 428

Crow, Kentish, 356, 428

Cuckoo, South African Golden, egg in nest of Cape Wagtail, 142; Yellowbilled, in Isle of Wight, 142; an unfortunate, 272; egg in nest of Song Thrush, 364; young, in nest of Twite, 365; popular fallacy concerning, 512; does it suck eggs? 513, 568; Great Spotted, supposed occurrence in Co. Kerry, 574

Curlew laying five eggs, 364; Stone, as observed around Thetford, 248

Cyclopterus lumpus, 550

Cyprinus auratus, 559; carpio, 559; carassius, 559

Darwin, Buffon to, 312

Dasyprocta aguti, 342; cristata, 342

Dasyurus hallucatus, 206

Deep-sea animal life in past epochs, 184

Dermestes lardarius eating specimens of moths, 433, 521

Devon & Cornwall, neolithic life, 49

Didelphis marsupialis, 342

Dik-Dik in nature and as preserved, 434

Diomedea melanophrys, 364

Dipper, egg-producing powers, 575

Dirk Hartog and the Houtman's Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, 293

Diver, Black-throated, nesting in Shetland, 364, 425, 509,— in Derbyshire, 426; Great Northern, nesting in Shetland, 425, 509

Dog, Cape Hunting, breeding in captivity, 186

Dogs of draught in Belgium, 33

Dove, Stock, in Ireland, 88

Dreschel, Prof., 533

Duck, Pintail, large number in Co. Mayo, 143; Scaup, inland in Lancashire, 329

Eagle resting on a balloon, 384; Golden, in Ross-shire, 425

Earthworm studies: dorsal pores, 149; oviposition and embryology, 258; phosphorescence and luminosity, 304; check-list of British Earthworms, 453

Egernia (Silubosaurus) stokesii, 301

Egg of South African Golden Cuckoo in nest of Cape Wagtail, 142; of Cuckoo in nest of Song Thrush 364; -producing powers of birds 511, 574, 575

Eggs of Great Auk, sales, 241, 382; of Starling, Song Thrush, and Sparrow, unusual position for, 334; five, laid by Curlew, 364; white, of Hedgesparrow, 427; of Roseate Tern, 165, 467, 510

Echidna aculeata, 199

Echimys trinitatis, 345

Editorial Address, 1

Eel, Common, transformations, 287

Elanus cæruleus, 158

Elephants in South Africa, destruction of, 532

Emberiza cioides, 6

Emu, protection, in Australia, 385

Enchytræus parvulus, a new British Worm, 349

​Engraulis encrasicholus, 561

Entomology, Economic, in India and United States, 385

Esox lucius, 559

Ethnological Bureau of British Empire, 380

Eulampis jugularis, 447; holosericus, 447

Evolution no longer a word of evil import, 435

Fallacies, popular ornithological, 473, 512, 514

Fauna, African Lake, 148, 187; of Atlas Mountains to be investigated, 187; and Flora, our indigenous, 264; Vertebrates, of Bedfordshire, 486

Fen versus marsh, 437

Finch, Nonpareil, change of plumage, 273, 335

Finches, foreign, in confinement, 251

Fish, Angler, a large, 340; driven ashore at Durban, 369; oil industry of Japan, 286

Fisheries, Behring-Sea Seal, 96

Fishery, Seal and Whale, 56, 142

Fishes, Marine and Fresh-water, of Great Yarmouth, &c, 539; our Economic Sea, 389

Flora and Fauna, our indigenous, 264

Florisuga mellivora, 445

Flycatcher, nest constructed in nest of Hawfinch, 426

Folk-lore ornithological, 144, 168; among Moki Indians, 183

Food of Long-eared Bat, 231; Knot, 232

Food-plants of Coccidæ, 486

Fossils, Australian, in precious opal, 488

Foxes, German importation of, 436

Fresh-water biological stations, 187; and Marine Fishes of Great Yarmouth, &c, 539

Frog attacked by Rat, 169; by Weasel, 369; many enemies among carnivorous mammals, 339

Frühstorfer, H., 292

Gadus æglefinus, 553; luscus, 553; merlangus, 553; minutus, 553; morrhua, 552; pollachius, 553; virens, 554

Galago, South African, breeding in confinement, 83

Galapagos Islands, birds of, 290

Galbula ruficauda, 448

Galeus vulgaris, 564

Game, South African, preservation of, 186

Garden list of birds, 417, 474

Gasterosteus aculeatus, 543; pungitius, 543; spinachia, 543

Geese, Wild, summer appearance in Fifeshire, 363; over London, 487

Germon, or Long-finned Tunny, in British waters, 580

Glaucis hirsuta, 446

Goat, Tozenburg, bred in captivity, 291

Gobio fluviatilis, 560

Gobius auratus, 550; minutus, 549; niger, 550; ruthensparri, 549; unipunctatus, 549

Goliathus albosignatus, 160

Grebe, Eared, in Cumberland, 83

Greenfinch, song, 335

Grosbeak, Scarlet, 6

Grouse, Red and Black, union between, 183

Gull, Little, at Scarborough, 166,—in Sussex, 468; Mediterranean Herring, in Norfolk, 572

Gurnard, Sapphirine, Bull-dog variety, at Great Yarmouth, 275, 339,—figured, 276

Habit, peculiar nesting, of House Sparrow, 273; variations, in Blue Titmouse, 333; inherited, in birds, 275, 367; breeding, of Purple Heron, 407; of Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 470; strange nesting, of Nuthatch and Starling, 514; of Cicadidæ, 520

Halmaturus houtmanni, 297

Hants, Mid-, notes from, 460

Hare, Common Brown, 95; Irish, 96 Harrier, Montagu's, alleged nesting in Kent, 363; breeding in Ireland, 467

Harvard College Museum of Comparative Zoology, 387

Hawfinch in West Sussex, 365

Hedgehog attacking Toad, 369

Hedgesparrow appropriating Thrush's nest, 427; white eggs, 427

Heron, Night, in Derbyshire, 329; Purple, breeding habits, 407; choked by a Frog, 572

Heteromys anomalus, 344

Hippoglossoides limandoides, 556

Hippoglossus vulgaris, 555

Hipposiderus muscinus, 191

​Hippopotamus, decrease, in the Upper Shire, 380; preservation, in Natal, 381

Holibut, large, at Isle of Man, 235

Horns from South Africa, 487

Horse, critical period in development, 486; polydactylism in, 270

Hours at which some birds commence to sing, 472, 576

Hybridity, supposed, between Common Brown and Irish Hares, 96; Red and Black Grouse, 183; colour-variation, &c, in birds and mammals, 383

Hybrids in St. Stephen's Green Park, Dublin, 329

Hydromys chrysogaster fulvo-lavatus, 197

Hymenoptera, Aculeate, 533

Hypolais polyglotta in Sussex, 513

Icterus zanthornus, 447

Indies, West, Natural History notes from, 341

Indopelagia, the Indian Sea-region, 224

Influence of darkness on animals, 488

Insect pests and destruction of birds in Eastern S. Africa, 243; preservatives, non-poisonous, 433

Insects, protection of, 386

Instinct, inherited, in birds, 275, 367

Ireland.—Fulmar and Surf Scoter in Cos. Sligo and Mayo, 84; Stock Dove in Co. Louth, 88; Marten in Co. Waterford, 141; Pintails in Co. Mayo, 143; Green Sandpiper in Co. Waterford, 143; Pine Marten in Co. Waterford, 269, 327; hybrids, 329; Reed Bunting in Co. Waterford, 336; Yellow Wagtail, 346; Great Auk, 383; Montagu's Harrier in Co. Kerry, 467; strange pairing of butterflies, 521; Heron choked by Frog, 572; supposed occurrence of a Great Spotted Woodpecker in Co. Kerry, 574

Isle of Man, Holibut at, 235; anthropology of, 435; Porbeagle in Manx waters, 579; Museum for, 579

Jackal, Maanhaar, 155

Jefferies, Richard, the late, 46

Jersey, Bank Vole in, 141

Kangaroos, protection, in Australia, 385

Kingfisher, survival of, 354, 469

Kite, Swallow-tailed, in Suffolk, 270, 363

Knot, food, 232

Labrax lupus, 544

Labrus maculatus, 552

Læmargus borealis, 565

Lamna cornubica, 564, 579

Lampornis violicauda, 444

Lampris luna, 548

Landrail in Chester in December, 86

Lanius minor in Kent, 427

Lapland, a walk across, 498

Lark, Shore, 6; supposed summer appearance in Devonshire, 365, 471, 574

Larus cachinnans in Norfolk, 572

Latrunculus pellucidis, 550

Legends, zoological, 46

Lepus timidus, 96; variabilis, 96

Leuciscus buggenhagii, 561; cephalus, 560; erythrophthalmus, 560; phoxinus, 560; rutilus, 560; vulgaris, 560

Leuckart, Prof. Rudolf, honours for, 381

Liparis montagui, 551; vulgaris, 551

Lizard, Australian Rock, 233

Lobster, gigantic, 276

Local museums, federal staff for, 147

Locust ravages in South Africa, 45; proposed means of destruction in Rhodesia, 146

Loncheres guianæ, 344

Lophius piscatorius, 551

Lophoceros erythrorynchus, 159; leucomelas, 159

Lophornis ornatus, 445

Lota vulgaris, 554

Lumbricus castaneus, 455; festivus, 455; herculeus, 455; papillosus, 455; rubellus, 455; studeri, 455

Lynx, Desert, or Caracal, breeding in captivity, 185

Mackerel, Common, variety, 340

Macropus agilis, 214; antilopinus, 213; robustus, 212

Madoqua phillipsi in nature and as preserved, 434

Magpie-moth eaten by birds, 169

Magpie's and Wood Pigeon's nests, proximity of, 427

Mammalia, North Australian, 189; marine, distribution, 217

Mammals, colour-variation. &c, 383; from Somali-land, 434; of Trinidad, 424

​Man in Zoology, 13; Early, skulls found in Norfolk, 33; Palæolithic, and the glacial epoch, 95; Prehistoric, remains on Rombald's Moor, 145

Manx bird-names, 71, 144

Marine and Fresh-water Fishes of Great Yarmouth, &c, 539

Marmosa murina, 342

Marsh versus fen, 437

Marten, Pine, in Ireland, 141, 269, 327

Maurolicus pennantii, 559

Merlucius vulgaris, 554

Mesatlantis, the Middle Sea-region, 223

Mesirenia, the Middle Pacific Sea-region, 225

Miall, Prof. L.C., on study of zoology, 434

Migration of Red-legged Partridge, 166, 233; at Spurn lighthouse, in 1896, 245; of birds, 505

Migrants, summer, in Gloucestershire, 274; in Aberdeenshire, 366

Mimus gilvus, 448

Mollusca from Tangier, 244; non-marine, of Essex, 535

Molva vulgaris, 554

Momotus swainsoni, 447, 448

Motella cimbria, 554; mustela, 554; tricirrata, 554

Mugil capito, 552; chelo, 552

Mullus surmuletus, 544

Mus decumanus,344; musculus, 344; rattus, 198, 344

Museum Reports:—

Oological collection in Australia, 47

Harvie Brown Museum destroyed by fire, 48

Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 80; locality-labels, 81

Federal staff for local museums, 147

Albany Museum, Grahamstown, 243

Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 387

Museum of Chicago Academy of Sciences, 388

British Museum Report for 1896, 484

Washington National Museum, 485

Museum for Isle of Man, 579

Mustelus vulgaris, 564

Myiadectes sibilans, 448

Myrmecophaga jubata breeding in captivity, 95

'Naturalists' Directory,' 291

Naucrates ductor, 548

Nectomys palmipes, 344

Neolithic life in Devon and Cornwall, 49

Nerophis æquoreus, 563

Nest of Cape Wagtail with egg of South African Golden Cuckoo, 142; of Tit, strange discovery of, 167; of Reed Bunting in unusual position, 336; of Song Thrush with egg of Cuckoo, 364; of Spotted Flycatcher constructed in nest of Hawfinch, 426; of Magpie and of Wood Pigeon, proximity of, 427; of Thrush appropriated by House Sparrow, 427; unusual sites for, chosen by birds, 430

Nesting of White Wagtail in Suffolk, 233; habit, peculiar, of House Sparrow, 273; of Grey Wagtail in Lincolnshire, 274, 336; of Sparrows on a band-stand, 287; alleged, of Montagu's Harrier, in Kent, 363; of Wood Pigeon in heart of the city, 383; of Great Northern and Black-throated Divers in Shetland, 425, 509; sites, curious, near Thetford, 449; of Sparrowhawk in thorn-tree, 508; of Great Plover, 511; strange, of Nuthatch, 514,—Starling, 514

Nests and nesting sites, unusual, 430, 449

Nightingale near Scarborough, 332; and Blackbird, voices compared, 331

Nightjar, memory for locality in a, 330

Norfolk, ornithological record for 1896, 121; birds, amongst the, 168; fens, twenty years on, 351; fen versus marsh, 437

Norway, notes from, 22

Notopelagia, the Southern Polar Sea-region, 225

Nuthatch, strange nesting habits, 514

Nyctibius jamaicensis, 447

Nyctophilus timoriensis, 193

Obituary:—

Bartlett, Abraham Dee, 267

Bendire, Major Charles E., 230

Cope, Edward Drinker, 229

Dreschel, Professor, 533

Gätke, Heinrich, ​

Matthews, Rev. Andrew, 466

Müller, Fritz, 268

Nevill, Hugh, F.Z.S., 230

Newton, Sir Edward, K.C.M.G., 230

Steenstrup, Johann Japetus Simon, 325

Onychogale unguifera, 209

Oological collections in Australia, 47

Orcynus germo in British waters, 580

Ortalis ruficauda, 448

Orthagoriscus mola, 564

Orthoptera and Cicadidæ, stridulation in, 432, 516, 517, 519, 520

Oryzomys brevicauda, 344

Osmerus eperlanus, 558

'Osprey,' The, 243

Osprey in Dorset, 508

Ostrich (with Plate), 97, 167

Otocorys alpestris, 6

Otter, Irish, differs from Common Otter, 184

Owl, Little, near Newark-on-Trent, 329; Long-eared, breeding in Essex, 232

Pagellus centrodontus, 544

Pairing, strange, of butterflies, 521

Partridge, Red-legged, migrating, 166, 233

Perameles macrura, 202; obesula, 201

Perca fluviatilis, 543

Perdix cinerea, chocolate-coloured variety, 36

Pests, animal, in British Columbia, 529,—in United States, 530; insect, and destruction of birds, in Eastern S. Africa, 243

Petaurus breviceps, 205

Petchora River, Siberia, zoological expedition, 287

Petrel, Fork-tailed, in East Suffolk, 509; Frigate, on west coast of Scotland, 241; in Cos. Sligo & Mayo, 84

Petrogale brachyotis, 209; concinna, 208

Petromyzon fluviatilis, 567; marinus, 567

Phalarope, Red-necked, in Sussex, 468

Phaethornis guyi, 445; longuemareus, 445

Phascologale flavipes leucogaster, 208; pencillata, 207

Pheasant with upper mandible prolonged, figured, 122

Pheasants and earthquakes in Japan, 44

Philander trinitatis, 342

Phylloscopus brehmi, 5; proregulus in Norfolk, 5, 8,—figured, 136; superciliosus, 5; viridans in Lincolnshire, 5

Pigeon, Wood, large flocks, near Croydon, 45; in London Parks, 87; nesting in heart of the city, 383; and Magpie, proximity of nests, 427

Pilchards at Great Yarmouth, 340

Pinnipeds, distribution, 217

Pipit, Alpine, in Carnarvonshire, 366

Pipra auricapilla, 447

Pithecanthropus erectus, 14

Pleuronectes flesus, 557; cynoglossus, 557; limanda, 556; microcephalus, 556; platessa, 556

Plover, Great, nesting, 511; Little, in Australia, useful qualities of, 385; Ringed, inland breeding, in Norfolk and Suffolk, 502

Plumage, change of, in Nonpareil Finch, 273, 335

Polar, South, Belgian Expedition, 487

Polydactylism in the Horse, 270

Pteropus gouldii, 190; scapulatus, 191

Pseudochirus dahlii, 203

Quails in Sussex, 366

Raia batis, 566; clavata, 566; maculata, 566; miraletus, 566; pastinaca, 566; radiata, 566

Raniceps trifurcus, 554

Rat attacking Frog, 169; Black, in Bedfordshire, 328

Ray, Cuckoo, at Great Yarmouth, 235

Redpoll, Mealy, off Kerry coast, 513

Redshank, Common, egg-producing powers, 575

Rendall, Dr. Percy, 46

Reptiles and Batrachians of Celebes, 184

Rhamphastos vitellinus, 447

Rhine, ornithological notes from, 61

Rhinolphus hipposideros (with Plate), 537

Rhipidomys couesii, 343

Rhombus lævis, 555; maximus, 555

Rinderpest in Transvaal, 45; wild animals destroyed by, in South and East Africa, 186

Roller, Common, in Sussex, 469

Rookery unexpectedly abandoned, 287

Rooks in West End of London, 87

Roosting of Swift, 511

Rorqual, Common, on Lincolnshire coast, 142

Salamander, gigantic, 382

​Salmo fario, 558; salar, 557; trutta, 558

Sandpiper, Green, in Co. Waterford, 143; flight, 573

Saunders' 'Manual of British Birds,' 532

Scarborough, notes from, 578

Sciæna aquila, 547

Sciurus æstuans, 343

Sclater, Dr. P.L., bibliography, 188

Scomber scomber, 547; scriptus, 547; thynnus, 547

Scomberesox saurus, 559

Scopus umbretta, 158

Scorpæna dactyloptera, 544

Scoter, Surf, in Co. Sligo and Mayo, 84

Scotland.—Yellow Wagtail in Argyllshire, 167; Cuckoo, 272, 365; Toad attacked by Weasel, 339; Wild Geese in Fifeshire, 363; migrants in Aberdeenshire, 366; Golden Eagle in Ross-shire, 425

Scotophilus greyii, 193

Scyllum canicula, 565; stellaris, 565

Sea-regions of the globe, 221

Seal, Behring Sea fisheries, 96; Common, in River Arun, Sussex, 571; Grey, in Carnarvonshire, 141; and Whale fishery, 1896, 56, 142

Selache maxima, 565

Serpentarius secretarius, 157

Shagreen made from skins of Rays and Dog-fish, 292

Shark, Porbeagle, in Manx waters, 579; Thresher, at Lowestoft, 475

Sharks, abundance in tropical seas, 36; combat at Cocos Islands, 387

Sheep, Wild, bred in captivity, 291

Sheldrake, local name, 508, 571

Shetland, list of birds observed, 360; Black-throated and Great Northern Divers breeding in, 364, 425, 509

Shrew, Lesser, in Cheshire, 231,—in Anglesea, 326,—in Devon, 467

Shrews and Voles, trapping, 507, 571

Shrike, Lesser Grey, in Kent, 427; Red-backed, near Rainworth, 334

Singing of birds, hours, 472, 576

Siphonostoma typhle, 563

Sirenians, distribution, 219

Slugs, distribution of worm-eating, 89

Sminthopsis nitela, 208

Snails, early, 236

Snake, Smooth, in New Forest, 431, 475

Snakes found within fifty miles of New York City, 44

Snipe, Common, breeding in Romney Marsh, 271

Solea lascaris, 557; vulgaris, 557

Solway Firth, Germon, or Long-finned Tunny, in, 580

Somali-land, mammals from, 434

Song of Greenfinch, 335; autumn, of birds, 358, 410, 471

Sparrow, unusual position for eggs of, 334; House, peculiar nesting habit, 273,—depredations of, 383; albino, 578

Sparrowhawk nesting in thorn-tree, 508

Sparrows nesting on band-stand, 287

Sparus niger, 548

Spider, Tipula, and Wasp, 475

Spurn lighthouse, migration at, in 1896, 245

Squatina vulgaris, 565

Squirrel, Common, seasonal changes in, 424

Star-fish, Scutellated, alleged occurrence in Durham, 170, 340

Starling, unusual position for eggs of, 334; strange nesting habits, 514

Starlings, second brood, 334

Stilt, Black-winged, in Somerset, 511

Stridulation of Cicadidæ and Orthoptera, 432, 516, 517, 519, 520

Struthio camelus, 97

Swift, flight of, 36; night flight, 290; roosting, 468, 511

Syngnathus acus, 563; hippocampus, 563; lumbriciformis, 563

Tanagra sclateri, 447

Taphozous australis, 192

Tatusia novemcincta, 343

Taxidermy, 412

Tern, Black, in Anglesea, 329,—in Warwickshire, 330; Noddy, in Cheshire, 510; Roseate, breeding in Britain, 165, 467,—eggs of, 467, 510

Terpsiphone cristata, 161

Thetford, Stone Curlews as observed around, 248

Thrush, Song, unusual position for eggs of, 334

Tinea vulgaris, 560

Tipula, Spider, and Wasp, 475

Tithoes confinis, 161

Titmouse, Blue, habit variations, 333

Tit's nest, strange discovery of, 167

Toad attacked by Weasel, 339; by Hedgehog, 369; enemies of, 432

Torpedo vulgaris, 566

Tortoise, gigantic, from Aldabra Islands, 382

​Trachinus draco, 546; vipera, 546

Trachurus trachurus, 548

Transvaal, zoological rambles in and around, 157

Trapping Shrews and Voles, 507, 571

Trichosurus vulpecula, 205

Trigla cuculus, 545; gurnardus, 546; lineata, 546; pœciloptera, 545; hirundo, 545

Trinidad, mammals of, 424

Trogon meridionalis, 447

Tunny on Essex coast, 579; Longfinned, or Germon, in British waters, 580

Turbot, albino, 339

Turdus gymnophthalmus, 448

Turtle, gigantic, on coast of Natal, 382

Varanus niloticus, 162

Variety, Bull-dog, of Sapphirine Gurnard, 275, 339; Grasshopper Warbler, 333; Common Mackerel, 340

Vertebrates, origin of, 531

Vipers before birth, 148

Voices of Blackbird and Nightingale compared, 331

Vole Bank, in Jersey, 141; in Denbighshire, 328

Voles and Shrews, trapping, 507, 571

Vultures and Towers of Silence, 143

Wagtail, Grey, nesting in Lincolnshire, 274, 336,—in Leicestershire, 336,—in Itchen Valley, 513; Pied, in Itchen Valley, 513; White, in Warwickshire, 337,—nesting in Suffolk, 233; Yellow, in Argyllshire, 167,—breeding range in Ireland, 346

Wales.—Grey Seal in Carnarvonshire, 141; Lesser Shrew in Anglesea, 326; Bank Vole in Denbighshire, 328; Black Tern in Anglesea, 329; Alpine Pipit in Carnarvonshire, 366; garden list of birds in Pembrokeshire, 419

Warbler, Aquatic, in Hampshire, 471; Grasshopper, variety, 333; Greenish Willow, 5; Icterine, at Lyme Begis, 332; Pallas's Willow, in Norfolk, 5, 8, 136,—figured, 136; Yellowbrowed, 5.

Warblers, rare, in Sussex, 333

Washington National Museum, 1896, 485

Wasp, Tipula, and Spider, 475

Weasel attacking Frog, 369

Weaver, Lesser, strange position of a, 339

West Indian birds, notes on some, 444

Whale, Sperm, captured near Azores, 145; parasites on, 145; and Seal fishery, 1896, 56, 142

Whales, enormous stranding at Falkland Islands, 47

Winchester water-meads, notes, 34

Winter life of animals and plants in United States, 242

Wolmer Forest, preservation, 534

Woodpecker, Green, boring in November, 573; Lesser Spotted, habits, 470

Worm, Aster, 349

Wren,Willow, singing in autumn, 513

Wryneck, egg-producing powers, 511

Xyphias gladius, 549

Yarmouth, Great, marine and freshwater fishes of, 539

York School Nat. Hist. Report, 188

Yukon District of Canada, birds, 430

Zebras, revised list of, 380

Zeugopterus punctatus, 556

Zeus faber, 548

Zoarces viviparus, 551

Zoology, Man in, 13

Zygæna malleus, 564