諷

See also: 讽

諷	U+8AF7, 諷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF7

← 諶
[U+8AF6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

諸 →
[U+8AF8]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

諷 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹弓戈 (YRHNI), four-corner 0761₀, composition ⿰訁風)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1172, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35741
Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4000, character 10
Unihan data for U+8AF7

Chinese edit

trad.		諷
simp.		讽
alternative forms		風／风

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嵐	*b·ruːm
葻	*b·uːm
釩	*pʰomʔ
汎	pʰoms, bum
凡	*bom
帆	bom, boms
颿	bom, boms
軓	*bomʔ
梵	bloms, bum
芃	boːŋ, bum
風	plum, plums
飌	*plum
楓	*plum
猦	*plum
偑	*plum
檒	*plum
瘋	*plum
諷	*plums
堸	*blum
渢	*blum
鳳	*bums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plums) : semantic 言 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fěng, fèng
(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˇ, ㄈㄥˋ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fong³
Cantonese (Jyutping): fung³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hong / hóng
(Teochew, Peng'im): hong³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵fon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fěng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǒng
  - Wade–Giles: fêng³
  - Yale: fěng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feeng
  - Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fòng
  - Wade–Giles: fêng⁴
  - Yale: fèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenq
  - Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fong³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /foŋ⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fung³
  - Yale: fung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
  - Tâi-lô: hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
  - Tâi-lô: hóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: horng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵fon
  - MiniDict: fon^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²fon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foŋ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: pjuwngH

Rime
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方鳳切
Baxter	pjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/piuŋ^H/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*prəm-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*plums/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fèng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*prəm-s/
English	to recite
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
No.	2928
Phonetic component	凡
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*plums/

Definitions edit

諷

to satirize; to mock; to criticize; to remonstrate (using implicit language)
to advise using mild and indirect language; to suggest in a tactful and veiled manner
(literary) to recite; to incant

Compounds edit

仿諷／仿讽
借古諷今／借古讽今 (jiègǔfěngjīn)
傳諷／传讽
冷嘲熱諷／冷嘲热讽 (lěngcháorèfěng)
勸百諷一／劝百讽一
反諷／反讽 (fǎnfěng)
嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
嘲諷漫罵／嘲讽漫骂
悲劇反諷／悲剧反讽
規諷／规讽
託諷／托讽
諷一勸百／讽一劝百
諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
諷刺劇／讽刺剧
諷刺文字／讽刺文字
諷刺畫／讽刺画 (fěngcìhuà)
諷味／讽味
諷喻／讽喻 (fěngyù)
諷示／讽示
諷經／讽经
諷詞／讽词
諷誦／讽诵
諷諫／讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
諷諭／讽谕 (fěngyù)
諷諭詩／讽谕诗
諷讀／讽读
譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
降格仿諷／降格仿讽

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

諷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Go-on: ふ (fu); ふう (fū)
Kan-on: ほう (hō)
Kun: そらんじる (soranjiru, 諷んじる); うたう (utau, 諷う)^{←うたふ (utafu, 諷ふ, historical)}; いさめる (isameru, 諷める)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

諷 • (pung) (hangeul 풍)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

諷: Hán Nôm readings: phúng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.