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磽

See also: 硗
磽 U+78FD, 磽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78FD
← 磼
[U+78FC]		CJK Unified Ideographs磾 →
[U+78FE]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

磽 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一口土土山 (MRGGU), four-corner 14611, composition ⿰石堯)

  1. hard and infertile

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 837, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24494
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1254, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2455, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+78FD

Chinese edit

trad.磽
simp.硗
alternative forms磝

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撓*hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃*rŋaːw
譊*rŋaːw
橈*rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽*ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝*ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘*hŋreːw
顤*hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒*hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒*ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯*ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘*ŋjew
襓*ŋjew
繞*ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶*ŋjewʔ
嬈*njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬*ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺*ŋ̊ʰew
翹*ɡew, *ɡews
澆*ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍*ŋkeːw
僥*kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯*ŋeːw
垚*ŋeːw
嶢*ŋeːw
獟*ŋeːws
膮*hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵*hŋeːw
憢*hŋeːw
曉*hŋeːwʔ
皢*hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • kiao1 - Shantou, Jieyang;
  • kiou1 - Chaozhou, Chenghai.
    Rime
    Character磽磽磽
    Reading #1/32/33/3
    Initial (聲)溪 (29)溪 (29)疑 (31)
    Final (韻)肴 (90)蕭 (93)肴 (90)
    Tone (調)Level (Ø)Rising (X)Departing (H)
    Openness (開合)OpenOpenOpen
    Division (等)IIIVII
    Fanqie口交切苦皎切五敎切
    BaxterkhaewkhewXngaewH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang    		/kʰˠau//kʰeuX//ŋˠauH/
    Pan
    Wuyun    		/kʰᵚau//kʰeuX//ŋᵚauH/
    Shao
    Rongfen    		/kʰau//kʰeuX//ŋauH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank    		/kʰaɨw//kʰɛwX//ŋaɨwH/
    Li
    Rong    		/kʰau//kʰeuX//ŋauH/
    Wang
    Li    		/kʰau//kʰieuX//ŋauH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren    		/kʰau//kʰieuX//ŋauH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex    		qiāoqiǎoyào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex    		haau1hiu2ngaau6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character磽
    Reading #1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)    		qiāo
    Middle
    Chinese    		‹ khæw ›
    Old
    Chinese    		/*[C.q]ʰˁrew/
    Englishstony soil

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character磽磽磽
    Reading #1/32/33/3
    No.146611466314688
    Phonetic
    component    		垚垚垚
    Rime
    group    		宵宵宵
    Rime
    subdivision    		222
    Corresponding
    MC rime    		敲樂磽
    Old
    Chinese    		/*ŋ̊ʰreːw//*ŋreːws//*ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ/

    Definitions edit

    磽

    1. (of land or soil) hard and rocky; solid and stony
    2. barren and infertile soil
    3. (Teochew) poor

    Synonyms edit

    • (poor):
    Dialectal synonyms of 貧窮 (“poor; impoverished; poverty-striken”) [map]
    VarietyLocationWords
    Classical Chinese貧, 窮
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese)窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒
    MandarinTaiwan窮, 貧窮
    Yantai (Muping)窮
    Luoyang窮
    Wanrong窮
    Xi'an窮
    Yinchuan窮
    Chengdu苦寒
    Nanjing窮
    Singapore窮, 貧窮, 窮苦
    CantoneseGuangzhou窮
    Hong Kong窮
    Taishan窮
    GanNanchang窮
    Pingxiang窮
    HakkaMeixian窮
    JinTaiyuan窮
    Northern MinJian'ou窮無
    Eastern MinFuzhou窮
    Southern MinXiamen宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
    Quanzhou宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
    Hui'an窮赤
    Zhangzhou宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤
    Tainan散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦
    Raoping磽
    Shantou窮, 磽
    Jieyang窮, 磽
    Leizhou窮, 蒯
    WuShanghai窮
    Suzhou窮
    Danyang窮
    Hangzhou窮
    Jinhua倒灶

    Compounds edit

    • 磽地／硗地
    • 磽瘠／硗瘠
    • 磽确
    • 磽薄／硗薄

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    磽

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. rocky
    2. barren

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    磽 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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