犁

See also: 犂

犁	U+7281, 犁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7281

← 犀
[U+7280]

CJK Unified Ideographs

犂 →
[U+7282]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

犁 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓竹手 (HNHQ), four-corner 2250₀, composition ⿱利牛)

plough

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 701, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20037
Dae Jaweon: page 1114, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1811, character 1
Unihan data for U+7281

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		犁
2nd round simp.		牞
alternative forms		犂

Wikipedia has articles on:

犁 (Southern Min)
犁 (Wu)
犁 (Cantonese)
犁 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 犁
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
犁	riːl, ril
黎	*riːl
莉	riːl, r'il, *r'i
黧	*riːl
鯬	riːl, ril
筣	riːl, ri
蔾	riːl, ril
藜	*riːl
邌	*riːl
瓈	*riːl
鵹	*rel
棃	*ril
梨	*ril
蟍	*ril
蜊	*ril
鑗	*ril
利	*rids
痢	*rids
浰	*riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 牛 (“cow”)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lí (li²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni²
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lài
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lê / lôe / lêre
(Teochew, Peng'im): loi⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lí
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lí
  - Wade–Giles: li²
  - Yale: lí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ni²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁴
  - Yale: làih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lài
  - Hakka Romanization System: laiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lai²
  - Sinological IPA: /lai̯¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
  - Tâi-lô: lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lee
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lôe
  - Tâi-lô: luê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loee
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /lue²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêre
  - Tâi-lô: lerê

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- lê - literary;
- lôe - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: loi⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lôi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /loi⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶li
  - MiniDict: li^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: lej

Rime
Character	犁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎奚切
Baxter	lej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/lei/
Wang Li	/liei/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤ[i]j/, /*[r][i]j/
(Zhengzhang): /*riːl/, /*ril/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lij ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁ[i]j/	/*[r][i]j/
English	plow	plow (n., v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7879	7894
Phonetic component	利	利
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	黎	棃
Old Chinese	/*riːl/	/*ril/

Definitions edit

犁

Synonyms edit

(to plough):

作 (Hokkien, Teochew)
穓 (yì) (literary)
耕 (gēng)
耕作 (gēngzuò)
耕地 (gēngdì)
農耕／农耕 (nónggēng)

Compounds edit

伊犁 (Yīlí)
伊犁條約／伊犁条约
伊犁河 (Yīlí Hé)
伊犁縱谷／伊犁纵谷
伊犁馬／伊犁马
套犁
尉犁 (Yùlí)
扒犁
拽欛扶犁
拽耙扶犁
掃穴犁庭／扫穴犁庭
泥犁
火犁
爬犁 (pálí)
牛犁
犁地
犁庭
犁庭掃穴／犁庭扫穴 (lítíngsǎoxué)
犁庭掃閭／犁庭扫闾
犁然
犁牛之子
犁田
犁舌獄／犁舌狱
犁轎／犁轿
犁鏵／犁铧 (líhuá)
犁鏵大鼓／犁铧大鼓
祝犁
耕犁
耬犁／耧犁
鋤犁／锄犁 (chúlí)
馬拉犁／马拉犁

References edit

“Entry #7596”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

犁

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): り (ri); れい (rei)
Kun: すき (suki)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

犁 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

犁: Hán Nôm readings: lê

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.