捍

See also: 扞

捍	U+634D, 捍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-634D

← 捌
[U+634C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

捎 →
[U+634E]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

捍 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手日一十 (QAMJ), four-corner 5604₁, composition ⿰扌旱)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 433, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12143
Dae Jaweon: page 783, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1881, character 5
Unihan data for U+634D

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		捍
2nd round simp.		扞
alternative forms		扞㪋攼 ancient

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訐	krads, krads, ked, kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	kaːn, ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	kaːn, ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	kaːn, ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	kaːnʔ, kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	kaːns, ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	kʰaːn, kʰaːns, kreːn, kan
衎	kʰaːnʔ, kʰaːns
犴	ŋaːn, ŋaːns
豻	ŋaːn, ŋaːns, ɦŋaːns, ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	ŋaːns, hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	qʰaːn, ɢaːns
罕	qʰaːnʔ, qʰaːns
焊	qʰaːnʔ, ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	ɡaːns, kʰraːn
捍	ɡaːns, ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	ɡan, ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 旱 (OC *ɡaːnʔ).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁶, hon², hon⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hon
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hān / hōaⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): hang² / huan⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ghoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
  - Wade–Giles: han⁴
  - Yale: hàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hon⁶, hon², hon⁵
  - Yale: hohn, hón, hóhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁶, hon², hon⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: hon⁶, hon², hon⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²²/, /hɔːn³⁵/, /hɔːn¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hon
  - Hakka Romanization System: hon
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hon⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hān
  - Tâi-lô: hān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: han
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /han²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /han⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /han³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /huã²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huã³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huã⁴¹/

Note:

hān - literary;
hōaⁿ - vernacular;
hán - unknown dialect.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hang² / huan⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: háng / huāⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵²/, /hũã¹¹/

Note:

hang2 - literary;
huan7 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghoe
  - MiniDict: ghoe^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦø²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦø²³¹/

Middle Chinese: haenX, hanH

Rime
Character	捍	捍
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	下赧切	侯旰切
Baxter	haenX	hanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠan^X/	/ɦɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚan^X/	/ɦɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐn^X/	/ɣɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨn^X/	/ɦan^H/
Li Rong	/ɣan^X/	/ɣɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ɣan^X/	/ɣɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣan^X/	/ɣɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haan⁶	hon⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤa[r]-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːns/, /*ɡraːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	捍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hàn
Middle Chinese	‹ han^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁa[r]-s/
English	ward off; protect, guard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	捍	捍
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3625	3634
Phonetic component	干	干
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	翰	僩
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːns/	/*ɡraːnʔ/

Definitions edit

捍

to defend; to guard; to protect
^† to resist
^† firm; solid
^† leather oversleeve
^† Alternative form of 悍 (hàn)
(Hokkien, Teochew) to hold; to grasp

Compounds edit

捍債／捍债
捍禦／捍御 (hànyù)
捍衛／捍卫 (hànwèi)
捍難之功／捍难之功
蹌捍／跄捍

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

捍

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings edit

Go-on: がん (gan)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: ふせぐ (fusegu, 捍ぐ)
Nanori: まもる (mamoru)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

捍 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)

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Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

捍: Hán Nôm readings: cản, hãn

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