扔

Translingual edit

Han character edit

扔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 手弓竹尸 (QNHS), four-corner 5702₇, composition ⿰扌乃)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 417, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11782
Dae Jaweon: page 764, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1828, character 1
Unihan data for U+6254

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		扔

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 扔
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (乃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
乃	*nɯːʔ
鼐	nɯːʔ, nɯːs
疓	*njɯːʔ
奶	*rneːlʔ
仍	*njɯŋ
艿	*njɯŋ
辸	*njɯŋ
礽	*njɯŋ
扔	njɯŋ, njɯŋs
芿	*njɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rēng, rěng (reng¹, reng³)
(Zhuyin): ㄖㄥ, ㄖㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴, wing¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lêng / jêng
(Teochew, Peng'im): rêng⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zen; ¹len

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: reng
  - Wade–Giles: jêng¹
  - Yale: rēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rheng
  - Palladius: жэн (žɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rěng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rěng
  - Wade–Giles: jêng³
  - Yale: rěng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reeng
  - Palladius: жэн (žɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐɤŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing⁴, wing¹
  - Yale: yìhng, wīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴, wing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴, wing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹/, /wɪŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
  - Tâi-lô: lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jêng
  - Tâi-lô: jîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jeeng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: rêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen; ¹len
  - MiniDict: zen^去; 'len^平
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen; ¹'len
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/, /lən⁵³/

Middle Chinese: nying

Rime
Character	扔
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如乗切
Baxter	nying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiŋ/
Li Rong	/ȵiəŋ/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	réng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*njɯŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	扔
Reading #	1/2
No.	9346
Phonetic component	乃
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*njɯŋ/

Definitions edit

扔

Synonyms edit

(to throw):

Dialectal synonyms of 扔 (“to throw”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		投
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		扔, 丟, 拋, 擲₁, 摔
Mandarin	Beijing	扔, 溜, 拽, 砍
	Taiwan	扔, 丟
	Jinan	扔, 拽
	Xi'an	撂, 丟
	Wuhan	丟, 掟
	Chengdu	甩, 丟, 掟
	Guilin	丟
	Yangzhou	摔
	Hefei	甩
	Malaysia	丟
	Singapore	丟
Cantonese	Guangzhou	掟, 抌, 掉
Cantonese	Hong Kong	掟, 抌, 掉
Gan	Nanchang	拋, 釘
Hakka	Meixian	㧒, 撜, 擲₄
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	擲₄
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	擳
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	擲₄
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	擲₄
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	擲₄
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	擊
Jin	Taiyuan	砍, 給, 蠻
Northern Min	Jian'ou	射
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	挌, 抾, 轆, 獻
Southern Min	Xiamen	挕, 揕, 擲₂, 練, 捔, 㧒
	Quanzhou	挕, 揕, 擲₂, 㧒
	Jinjiang	挕, 揕, 擲₂
	Zhangzhou	挕, 揕, 捔, 㧒
	Tainan	挕, 揕, 掔
	Penang (Hokkien)	揕
	Singapore (Hokkien)	挕, 揕, 擲₂, 捔
	Manila (Hokkien)	挕, 揕, 擲₂
	Chaozhou	捔, 撾, 挒, 標
	Jieyang	捔, 撾, 挒, 標, 打, 擲₃
Wu	Shanghai	摜, 厾
	Suzhou	厾, 真
	Wenzhou	𪜃, 甩, 拌
Xiang	Changsha	射, 釘
Xiang	Shuangfeng	亞, 打

(to throw away):

Dialectal synonyms of 扔 (“to discard; to throw away”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		扔, 丟棄
Mandarin	Beijing	扔, 撇
	Taiwan	扔, 丟
	Jinan	拽, 扔
	Xi'an	撇
	Wuhan	丟, 甩
	Chengdu	甩, 丟
	Yangzhou	撂
	Hefei	撂, 甩, 板
	Singapore	丟
Cantonese	Guangzhou	擗, 掉, 𢫕, 抌
	Hong Kong	擗, 掉, 抌
	Yangjiang	擗
Gan	Nanchang	丟, 釘
Hakka	Meixian	丟, 㧒
Jin	Taiyuan	砍, 撂, 蠻
Northern Min	Jian'ou	丟
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	溜, 轆, 獻, 抾, 挌
Southern Min	Xiamen	挕, 摑, 㧒
	Quanzhou	挕, 摑, 㧒
	Zhangzhou	挕, 㧒
	Chaozhou	捔, 撼, 擿
	Shantou	捔, 擿
	Jieyang	捔, 撼, 擿
Wu	Shanghai	摜, 厾
	Suzhou	厾, 摜, 甩
	Wenzhou	𪜃, 甩, 拌
Xiang	Changsha	撂, 丟
Xiang	Shuangfeng	亞

Compounds edit

扔下
扔崩
扔掉 (rēngdiào)
扔棄／扔弃 (rēngqì)

Descendants edit

Old Turkic: ?
- → Turkmen: zyňmak

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rèng (reng⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄖㄥˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rèng
  - Wade–Giles: jêng⁴
  - Yale: rèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renq
  - Palladius: жэн (žɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: nyingH

Rime
Character	扔
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而證切
Baxter	nyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing⁶