嗟

Translingual edit

Han character edit

嗟 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口廿手一 (RTQM), four-corner 6801₁, composition ⿰口差)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 203, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4102
Dae Jaweon: page 426, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 661, character 1
Unihan data for U+55DF

Chinese edit

trad.		嗟
simp. ^#		嗟

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (左) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
左	ʔsaːlʔ, ʔsaːls
佐	*ʔsaːls
袏	*ʔslaːls
蹉	*sʰlaːl
瑳	sʰlaːl, sʰlaːlʔ
搓	*sʰlaːl
磋	*sʰlaːl
溠	sʰlaːl, sraːl, *ʔsraːls
傞	sʰlaːl, slaːl
醝	*zlaːl
瘥	zlaːl, ʔsljal, *sʰreːls
鹺	*zlaːl
嵯	zlaːl, sʰral
嵳	*zlaːl
蒫	zlaːl, ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl
艖	zlaːl, sʰraːl
齹	zlaːl, sʰral, *zral
縒	slaːlʔ, sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ
褨	*slaːlʔ
嗟	*ʔsljal
差	sʰraːl, sʰraːls, sʰreːl, sʰreːl, sʰreːls, sʰral
鎈	*sʰraːl
槎	zraːl, zraːlʔ
髊	*zlals

In Small Seal Script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsljal) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral) (𧪘). In Regular Script, 言 (yán) became 口 (kǒu).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiē, juē (jie¹, jue¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ, ㄐㄩㄝ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ze¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jie
  - Wade–Giles: chieh¹
  - Yale: jyē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
  - Palladius: цзе (cze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: juē
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyue
  - Wade–Giles: chüeh¹
  - Yale: jywē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiue
  - Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ze¹
  - Yale: jē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dze¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zé¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛː⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 嗟
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiɛ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕie²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiə²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕia²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕia²⁴/ /t͡ɕi²⁴/ 新
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕia³¹/
	Ürümqi
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
	Guiyang
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡siɪ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕie̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sei³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕye³¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sie³³/ /t͡sia³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡siɒ³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sia⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɛ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sia⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sia⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sia⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sa³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡se²³/

Middle Chinese: tsjae

Rime
Character	嗟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子邪切
Baxter	tsjae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sia/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sia/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sia/
Li Rong	/t͡sia/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ze¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tsAj/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsljal/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嗟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiē
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjæ ›
Old Chinese	/*tsAj/
English	sigh; alas!
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嗟
Reading #	1/1
No.	18026
Phonetic component	左
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	嗟
Old Chinese	/*ʔsljal/

Definitions edit

嗟

(literary) sigh; alas

Compounds edit

于嗟 (xūjiē)
傷嗟／伤嗟
叱嗟
叱嗟風雲／叱嗟风云
吁嗟
咨嗟 (zījiē)
嗟乎 (jiēhū)
嗟來之食／嗟来之食 (jiēláizhīshí)
嗟來食／嗟来食
嗟吁
嗟呀
嗟嗟
嗟嗞乎
嗟嘆／嗟叹 (jiētàn)
嗟夫 (jiēfú)
嗟怨 (jiēyuàn)
嗟悔 (jiēhuǐ)
嗟悼
嗟憤／嗟愤
嗟異／嗟异
嗟訝／嗟讶
嗟重
拍膝嗟歎／拍膝嗟叹
歎嗟／叹嗟
歎老嗟卑／叹老嗟卑
猝嗟
猗嗟
自嗟自嘆／自嗟自叹
興嗟／兴嗟

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiè (jie⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiè
  - Wade–Giles: chieh⁴
  - Yale: jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
  - Palladius: цзе (cze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

Definitions edit

嗟

Only used in 咄嗟 (duōjiē, “in a short time”).

Compounds edit

咄嗟 (duōjiē)
咄嗟便辦／咄嗟便办
咄嗟可辦／咄嗟可办
咄嗟而辦／咄嗟而办

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

嗟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

Go-on: さ (sa)
Kan-on: しゃ (sha)
Kun: ああ (ā, 嗟); なげく (nageku, 嗟く)
Nanori: ああ (ā)

Etymology edit

The kanji is ateji (当て字).

Interjection edit

嗟(ああ) or 嗟(アー) • (ā)

Alternative form of アー

Korean edit

Hanja edit

嗟 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

嗟: Hán Nôm readings: ta, xơi

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

Nom Foundation