刖

Translingual edit

Stroke order

Han character edit

刖 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 月中弓 (BLN), four-corner 7220₀, composition ⿰月刂)

cutting off feet as form of punishment

Derived characters edit

𰸌, 𠈛, 𰎗, 𦮯, 前, 俞, 𪠰, 𥦹, 𡠔, 𧫌, 𠟖

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 137, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1900
Dae Jaweon: page 309, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 327, character 7
Unihan data for U+5216

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		刖
alternative forms		跀

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 刖
Shang
Oracle bone script

Characters in the same phonetic series (月) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
刖	ŋroːd, ŋod, *ŋuːd
枂	ŋoːd, ŋod
月	*ŋod
跀	*ŋod
抈	*ŋod
鈅	*ŋod
玥	*ŋod
蚏	*ɢod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋroːd, *ŋod, *ŋuːd) : phonetic 月 (OC *ŋod) + semantic 刂.

Etymology edit

Related to 兀 (OC *ŋuːd, “to cut the feet”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuè (yue⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): goa̍t
(Teochew, Peng'im): uag⁸ / ghuêh⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
  - Wade–Giles: yüeh⁴
  - Yale: ywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
  - Palladius: юэ (jue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyut⁶
  - Yale: yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: gua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡuat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡuat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuat̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: uag⁸ / ghuêh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ua̍k / gue̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uak̚⁴/, /ɡueʔ⁴/

Middle Chinese: ngjwot, ngwot, ngwaet

Rime
Character	刖	刖	刖
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	元 (68)	魂 (56)	刪 (72)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I	II
Fanqie	魚厥切	五忽切	五刮切
Baxter	ngjwot	ngwot	ngwaet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʉɐt̚/	/ŋuət̚/	/ŋˠuat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷiɐt̚/	/ŋuot̚/	/ŋʷᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɐt̚/	/ŋuət̚/	/ŋuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuat̚/	/ŋwət̚/	/ŋwaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiuɐt̚/	/ŋuət̚/	/ŋuat̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwɐt̚/	/ŋuət̚/	/ŋwat̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wɐt̚/	/ŋuət̚/	/ŋwăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè	wù	wà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut⁶	ngat⁶	ngaat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷˤ<r>at/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːd/, /*ŋod/, /*ŋuːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwæt ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ʷˁ<r>at/
English	amputate a foot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刖	刖	刖
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	16317	16320	16327
Phonetic component	月	月	月
Rime group	月	月	物
Rime subdivision	3	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	刖	月	兀
Old Chinese	/*ŋroːd/	/*ŋod/	/*ŋuːd/

Definitions edit

刖

(historical) to cut off one or both feet as a form of punishment, one of the 五刑 (wǔxíng, “Five Punishments”)
See also: 剕

Compounds edit

刖刑
刖足 (yuèzú)
刖足適屨／刖足适屦
刖趾適屨／刖趾适屦

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

刖

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

severing a foot as a punishment

Readings edit

(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Go-on: がち (gachi)^{←ぐわち (gwati, historical)}; ごち (gochi)
Kan-on: がつ (gatsu)^{←ぐわつ (gwatu, historical)}; げつ (getsu)^{←げつ (getu, historical)}^{←ぐゑつ (gwetu, ancient)}; ごつ (gotsu)
Kun: きる (kiru, 刖る); あやうい (ayaui, 刖い)^{←あやふい (ayafui, 刖い, historical)}

Korean edit

Hanja edit

刖 (eum 월 (wol))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

刖: Hán Nôm readings: nguyệt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

Nom Foundation