ῥόδον
Ancient Greek edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Hellenic *wródon, borrowed from some Eastern language, most likely Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower, rose”) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀈𐀸 (wo-do-we), Old Persian *vr̥dah, Aramaic 𐡅𐡀𐡓𐡃𐡀 (warda), Classical Syriac ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Old Armenian վարդ (vard), Demotic wrṱ, Arabic وردة (warda), Persian گل (gol) – all from the same source). Or it could possibly be a Pre-Greek loan, such as Thracian (the rose was native to Thrace).[1] Rüdiger Schmitt believes that, based on phonological and historical grounds, borrowing from Iranian is unlikely.[2]
Latin rosa (“rose”) is likely a loanword from Ancient Greek.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥ó.don/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈro.don/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈro.ðon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈro.ðon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈro.ðon/
Noun edit
ῥόδον • (rhódon) n (genitive ῥόδου, diminutive ῥοδάριον); second declension
- rose (usually Rosa gallica)
- (in phrases)
- Crates Comicus, 4 :
- ὗς διὰ ῥόδων
- hûs dià rhódōn
- pig among roses (bull in a china shop)
- ὗς διὰ ῥόδων
Inflection edit
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ ῥόδον tò rhódon | τὼ ῥόδω tṑ rhódō | τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ tà rhóda | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ῥόδου toû rhódou | τοῖν ῥόδοιν toîn rhódoin | τῶν ῥόδων tôn rhódōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ῥόδῳ tôi rhódōi | τοῖν ῥόδοιν toîn rhódoin | τοῖς ῥόδοις toîs rhódois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ ῥόδον tò rhódon | τὼ ῥόδω tṑ rhódō | τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ tà rhóda | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ῥόδον rhódon | ῥόδω rhódō | ῥόδᾰ rhóda | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ ῥόδον tò rhódon | τὼ ῥόδω tṑ rhódō | τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ tà rhóda | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ῥόδου toû rhódou | τοῖν ῥόδοιν toîn rhódoin | τῶν ῥόδων tôn rhódōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ῥόδῳ tôi rhódōi | τοῖν ῥόδοιν toîn rhódoin | τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ῥόδοισῐ / ῥόδοισῐν / ῥόδοις toîsi(n) rhódoisi(n) / rhódois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ ῥόδον tò rhódon | τὼ ῥόδω tṑ rhódō | τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ tà rhóda | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ῥόδον rhódon | ῥόδω rhódō | ῥόδᾰ rhóda | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms edit
- ἀγριόρροδον (agriórrhodon)
- διάρροδος (diárrhodos)
- κυνόροδον (kunórodon)
- λευκόροδον (leukórodon)
- μυρόροδον (murórodon)
- πολύρροδος (polúrrhodos)
- ῥοδάκανθα (rhodákantha)
- ῥοδάριον (rhodárion)
- ῥοδέα (rhodéa)
- ῥοδέη (rhodéē)
- ῥόδειος (rhódeios)
- ῥόδεος (rhódeos)
- ῥοδεών (rhodeṓn)
- ῥοδία (rhodía)
- ῥοδιάς (rhodiás)
- ῥοδίζω (rhodízō)
- ῥοδινοπορφυροῦς (rhodinoporphuroûs)
- ῥόδινος (rhódinos)
- ῥοδίς (rhodís)
- ῥοδίσια (rhodísia)
- ῥοδισμός (rhodismós)
- ῥοδίτης (rhodítēs)
- ῥοδῖτις (rhodîtis)
- ῥοδοβαφής (rhodobaphḗs)
- ῥοδοδάκτυλος (rhododáktulos)
- ῥοδοδάφνη (rhododáphnē)
- ῥοδόδενδρον (rhodódendron)
- ῥοδοειδής (rhodoeidḗs)
- ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)
- ῥοδόκολπος (rhodókolpos)
- ῥοδόμηλον (rhodómēlon)
- ῥοδόπαχυς (rhodópakhus)
- ῥοδόπεπλος (rhodópeplos)
- ῥοδόπνοος (rhodópnoos)
- ῥοδόπυγος (rhodópugos)
- ῥοδοπώλης (rhodopṓlēs)
- ῥοδόσταγμα (rhodóstagma)
- ῥοδόστερνος (rhodósternos)
- ῥοδοστεφής (rhodostephḗs)
- ῥοδόσφυρος (rhodósphuros)
- ῥοδών (rhodṓn)
- ῥοδωνία (rhodōnía)
- ῥοδωτός (rhodōtós)
- ὑλόροδον (hulórodon)
- φοινικόροδος (phoinikórodos)
Descendants edit
- Greek: ρόδο (ródo)
- ⇒ New Latin: rhodium (see there for further descendants)
- →? Oscan:
- →? Latin: rosa (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- ^ T. G. Tucker, Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).
- ^ Rüdiger Schmitt (2017 May 7 (last accessed)) “Greece xi–xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek”, in Encyclopædia Iranica[1], archived from the original on 17 May 2017.
Further reading edit
- “ῥόδον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ῥόδον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ῥόδον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “ῥόδον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- rose idem, page 721.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1290
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